北京城市居住环境类型区的识别与评价  

Identification and evaluation of residential environment types in Beijing city

作　　者：谌丽[1] 张文忠[2] 李业锦[3] 党云晓[2] 余建辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京100191 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《地理研究》2015年第7期1331-1342,共12页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230632);国家自然科学基金项目(41001105);北京市教委科研计划项目(KM201510028013)

摘　　要：基于北京数字城市要素平台的空间集成数据和问卷调查数据,将居住环境的客观指标和居民主观评价相结合,以北京为典型案例,首先运用因子生态分析等方法识别出居住环境类型区,然后采用以居民个体感受作为依据的价值化评价方法,明确不同居住环境类型区的问题,最后总结北京城市居住环境类型的空间格局。研究发现,北京城区可分为内城异质性居住区、内城同质性居住区、近郊职住混合区、近郊高密度居住区、远郊职住混合区和远郊低可达性居住区等六类居住环境类型区,其空间结构同时体现了同心圆、扇形和多核心等特征。居民对不同居住环境类型区的评价存在显著差异,整体上从内城到郊区满意度逐级降低。最后提出改善北京居住环境的建议。Residential environment is closely related to people＇s basic living conditions, such as dwelling, daily trip, shopping, medical care, school attendance and environmental quality. In recent years, residential environment has become a great concern for residents, scholars and governments at all levels. For example, the central government proposed： ＂the living space should be livable and proper in size＂ in the report of 18 th Party Congress last year. Besides, the Beijing government set ＂livable city＂ as one of its development goals in 2004. However,improving residential environment and building livable city require a deep understanding of residential environment types, including their status quo, characteristics and problems. The paper, taking Beijing city as a research case, studies the types of its residential environment from a comprehensive way using both objective and subjective methods. The objective data comes from ＂Digital Beijing＂ database and the fifth national census, while the subjective data comes from a large- scale residential survey. The paper uses ＂Jiedao＂ as a basic research unit and employs factor ecology method to identify six residential types. Then it uses respondents＇ satisfaction level as an evaluation indicator to find out major problems of each residential environment type. The results indicate that Beijing city can be identified as six types：heterogeneous inner- city districts; homogenous inner- city districts; mix land- use suburban districts; high- density suburban districts; mix land- use exurban districts; and developing exurban districts. The spatial organization of these residential types reflects the spatial attributes of concentric circles, sectors and multi- nuclear patterns at the same time. Residents＇ evaluation varies greatly among the six types. The most obvious feature is the inclining satisfaction level from urban center to suburbs. Residents are satisfied with the heterogeneous inner- city districts, while they exhibit a quite low satisfaction lev

关 键 词：居住环境类型区 识别 评价 北京 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]