我国城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征  

Emission Characteristics of Greenhouse Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Treatment in China

作　　者：李文涛[1,2] 高庆先[2] 王立[1] 马占云[2] 刘俊蓉[1,2] 李崇 张艳艳 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国环境科学研究院气候中心,北京100012 [3]辽宁沈阳气象局,辽宁沈阳110000 [4]河北廊坊气象局,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第7期1031-1038,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41175137);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05020601)

摘　　要：CH4和CO2是大气中主要的温室气体,研究我国城市生活垃圾处理过程中二者的排放情况,对制订温室气体减排政策和应对气候变化有着至关重要的意义.利用IPCC(政府间气候变化专门委员会)提供的废弃物处理排放CH4和CO2的计算方法,对1979—2011年我国城市生活垃圾处理CH4和CO2排放量(不含港澳台数据)进行统计分析.结果表明:12011年我国城市生活垃圾人均清运量为0.46 t,比2000年增加了53.3%.21979—2011年,我国城市生活垃圾处理仍以填埋为主,焚烧和堆肥处理方式相对较少,但近年来焚烧处理量呈逐年增加趋势,其中2011年焚烧处理量是2001年的16.8倍.3我国城市生活垃圾处理产生的CH4和CO2排放量均呈逐年增长趋势,至2011年,二者分别达到7 024.03×104(以CO2当量计,下同)和706.22×104t;其中,2011年CH4排放量是1990年的20.0倍,CO2排放量是2001年的16.8倍.4城市生活垃圾产生的温室气体排放具有明显的地域特性,其中华东地区CH4和CO2排放总量高达2 570.98×104t;西北地区最小,仅为482.3×104t.该差异与城市发展规模、人们生活习惯和城市化进程等影响因子紧密相关.Methane（ CH4） and carbon dioxide（ CO2） emitted from municipal solid waste（ MSW） treatment are major greenhouse gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol,significantly impact global climate change,and are important to consider in the formulation of policy for emission mitigation. The per capita amount of MSW（ excluding data of Hongkong,Macao and Taiwan） collected and transported in China was 0. 46 t/a in 2011. This represents an increase of 53. 3% compared with 2000. Emissions from MSW treatment have become an important environmental problem in China. Analysis of the amounts of MSW collected and transported from 1979 to 2011,as well as the treatment measures including landfills and incineration,showed that landfilling is still the main process measure for MSW in China. The percentages of incineration and composting are relatively small. However,the incineration amount has increased yearly,with the amount of incineration in 2011 16. 8 times that of 2001. The IPCC methodology was used for calculating CH4 and CO2emissions from1979 to 2011. The results showed that emissions of CH4 and CO2in 2011 were 7024. 03 × 10^4 t CO2-eq and 706. 22 × 10^4 t,respectively. Emissions of CH4 in 2011 were 20. 0 times that of1990,while emissions of CO2 in 2011 were 16. 8 times that of2001. Regional CH4 and CO2emissions results showed that thegeographical character of emissions had close relationship with urbanization and economic development. The maximum emissions in East China reached 2570. 98 × 10^4 t CO2-eq,while the minimum emissions located in the Northeast were 482. 3 × 10^4 t CO2-eq.

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾 填埋 焚烧 CH4和CO2排放 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]