工程机械不同工况下PM2.5排放及其碳质组分特征  

Characteristics of PM_(2.5) Emissions and Its Carbonaceous Components from Construction Machines Under Different Typical Driving Modes

作　　者：曲亮[1,2] 何立强[1] 胡京南[1] 金陶胜[2] 祖雷[1] 王鸣宇[1] 宋敬浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012 [2]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第7期1047-1052,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50808169,21477057);国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201209002)

摘　　要：我国工程机械排放控制起步较晚.为研究实际工况下工程机械的PM2.5排放特性及其碳质组分构成,采用便携式颗粒物稀释采样系统,对3台工程机械（2台挖掘机和1台装载机）在不同典型工况（行驶、作业和怠速）下的PM2.5及其碳质组分〔OC（有机碳）和EC（元素碳）〕的现场排放特征进行了测试.结果表明：沃尔沃挖掘机、山河智能挖掘机的PM2.5排放因子（基于燃油）分别为1.85~3.26和1.56~2.62 g/kg,厦工装载机的PM2.5排放因子为0.98~1.48 g/kg.不同工况对PM2.5排放因子影响较大,怠速工况下PM2.5排放因子是行驶工况下的1.49~1.76倍.工程机械排放的PM2.5中,碳质组分是最主要的成分,其质量分数高达71.0%~84.5%.其中,w（OC）为44.6%~72.0%,在怠速工况下最高;w（EC）则为8.6%~30.9%,在行驶工况下较高.测试工程机械的PM2.5排放水平较高,因此应尽快加强工程机械排放的污染防治.Control of emissions from construction machines was started relatively recently in China. To investigate the PM2. 5emission characteristics and its carbonaceous composition of construction machines under real-world operation,a portable particle dilution and sampling system was used in the field to test the PM2. 5emissions from three construction machines（ two excavators and one backhoe loader） in three typical driving modes,including moving,working and idling. The carbonaceous components（ organic carbon and elemental carbon,OC/EC） in the PM2. 5were also analyzed. The results showed that the PM2. 5emission factors were 1. 85-3. 26 g/kg and1. 56-2. 62 g/kg（ fuel based emission factor） for the tested excavators,and 0. 98-1. 48 g/kg for the tested backhoe loader. Driving modes quite affected the PM2. 5emission factors. For example,PM2. 5emission factors during idling were 1. 49-1. 76 times those in the moving mode. Carbonaceous components were the main fraction in the exhaust PM2. 5emitted from construction machines,accounting for 71. 0%-84. 5% of the total PM2. 5mass. and The share of OC in the total PM2. 5mass was 44. 6%-72. 0%,and the highest share of OC existed in the idling mode. While the share of EC was 8. 6%-30. 9% of the total PM2. 5mass,and the share was relatively higher in the moving mode. The emission factors of the three construction machines were relatively high. Therefore,there is an urgent need to enhance the emission control of construction machines.

关 键 词：工程机械 PM2.5 有机碳(OC) 元素碳(EC) 排放因子 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]