基于PRB数据构建三维地质模型的技术方法研究  

The Technical Methods of Three-Dimension Geological Modeling Based on PRB Data

作　　者：吴志春[1,2,3] 郭福生[2] 郑翔[1,2,3] 张洋洋[1,2,3] 罗建群[2] 侯曼青 

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学地球科学学院,南昌330013 [3]东华理工大学江西省数字国土重点实验室,南昌330013

出　　处：《地质学报》2015年第7期1318-1330,共13页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局工作项目(编号1212011120836;1212011220248);江西省赣鄱英才555工程领军人才项目;放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室开放基金项目(编号RGET1305);江西省数字国土重点实验室开放基金项目(编号DLLJ201414)资助成果

摘　　要：2004年开始数字地质填图技术在全国区调中全面推广应用,运用数字地质填图过程中获取的PRB数据直接构建浅部三维地质模型具有重要研究意义。构建三维地质模型的关键是三维地质界面的构建,本文重点阐述了断层面、第四系界面、地层面、岩体界面、残留顶盖界面、俘虏体界面等6种主要地质界面的构建流程与方法。面的构建时应先创建模型的边界面(DEM面、模型的底界面、模型的四周边界面),再建断层面,最后按地质体新老顺序依次构建其他地质界面,构建地质界面时应遵循"野外路线数据为主要数据,地下地质数据为约束数据"的原则。该方法建立的地质界面与地表填图数据和地下地质数据都能够完全吻合,建立的地质界面精度高且美观,但受地表产状可推测深度的限制,该方法仅适用于浅部三维地质模型的构建,但构建的模型可以作为深部三维地质建模的参考与约束。建模单元可以与地表填图单元相同,也可以进行少量的合并,模型可达到的精度较高,模型的精度取决于野外填图路线数据的精度和数量,尤其是野外路线中的点间界线和有效产状的精度和数量。为了保证模型的精度,在野外路线填图过程中应尽量保证每条野外路线中的点间界线(B)都具有有效产状,在地质界线产状变化较大的部位需要适量增加产状数据。Application of digital geological mapping technology（DGMT）has comprehensively been promoted in the national regional geological survey since 2004.PRB data obtained from DGMT were employed to build a shallow 3Dgeological model,and this has important significance.The key of building a 3Dgeological model is the construction of 3Dgeological interfaces.This paper focuses on the building process and the method for six kinds of major geological interfaces,such as fault plane,Quaternary system interface,formation interface,rock interface,residual lid interface and xenolith interface.The first step of building surfaces is to build a boundary surface of the model,which can be DEM surface,bottom boundary and four peripheral interfaces,then build the fault plane,and finally build other geological interfaces strictly based on the age order of geological units.Doing so should follow the principle ＂field line data as the main data and subsurface geological data as the constraint data＂.The geological interface built with this method is not only perfectly consistent with the subsurface geological data and the field geological mapping,but has a high precision and a better pattern.But the depth presumed can be limited by surface attitudes.Although this method is only used to build shallow 3D geological model,the model can be used as reference and constraint on deep 3D geological model.Modeling units can not only be the same as geological mapping units,but can be combination of several mapping units.The model can reach a high precision,which depends on the accuracy and quantity of the field mapping data,especially on points of the survey lines and precision and number of effective attitudes.In order to ensure the precision of the model,effective attitudes of point boundary（B）in each survey line should be measured and more data of attitudes should be obtained at the locations where the attitudes change largely during the process of field lines mapping.

关 键 词：三维地质建模 数字地质填图 地质界面 PRB GOCAD软件 

分 类 号：P628.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]