河北东部机场秋季鸟类的群落分布与活动规律  

Bird community distribution and activity rhythm on airport in the east of Hebei in autumn

作　　者：祃来坤[1] 陈成[1] 刘建平[1] 张振群[2] 侯建华[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期155-159,共5页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2012204087)

摘　　要：为了解秋季机场环境与鸟类群落分布的关系,利用路线调查法对河北东部机场秋季鸟类的群落组成、分布与活动规律进行了研究.共记录到鸟类43种,隶属于10目24科,其中迁徙鸟类(包括夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟)最多.雀形目鸟类为12科21种,占全部鸟类种数的48.8%,为机场鸟类群落的主体,其中优势种为麻雀(Passer montanus)、家燕(Hirundo rustica)、小嘴乌鸦(Corvus corone)和云雀(Alauda arvensis).分析机场不同区域的鸟类分布,位于跑道右侧的样带3的鸟类活动频率最高,鸟类种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均显著高于其他4个样带(p<0.05),其次是该区域样带4,鸟类密度在5个调查区域内最大.建议降低机场环境的多样性以破坏鸟类适宜生境,达到减少机场鸟类活动,降低鸟击事件发生的目的.To learn the relationship between airport environment and the distribution of bird community in autumn,a survey of bird community composition,distribution and activity rhythm in autumn were conducted by route survey method on airport in the east of Hebei province. Overall,43 species of birds were recorded which belong to 24 families and 10 orders,among which the number of species of migratory birds（including summer migrant bird,winter migrant bird and passing migrant bird）were the most. The birds of Passeriformes were the main parts of bird community on airport,including 21 species and 12 families,which accounted for 48.8% of total species. Passer montanus,Hirundo rustica,Corvus corone and Alauda arvensis were the dominant species of the bird community. As for the distribution of birds in different areas of airport,the highest activity frequency of the birds appeared in transect 3,the number of species,the diversity index and evenness index of transect 3were also statistically higher than those of the other 4 transects（p〈0.05）. Among the other 4 transects,the highest values of activity fre quency,the number of species,the diversity index and evenness index appeared in transect 4,which also had the highest density of birds. Activity frequency of birds on airport and incidences of bird strikes would be re duced by the reduction of the environment diversity of airport and the destruction of the suitable habitat of birds.

关 键 词：机场 生境 群落组成 分布 多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]