页岩气开采致水污染的途径及污染物特点  

Approaches to Water Pollution by Shale Gas Extraction and Characteristics of Pollutants

作　　者：李亮国[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南城建学院法学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2015年第3期1-3,72,共3页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"资产管理和用途管制分离视角下的自然资源权利义务配置研究"(14XFX010)

摘　　要：针对水平钻井和水力压裂技术开采页岩气所产生的水污染问题,基于水文地质学原理,对美国页岩气开采导致水污染的实例及压裂液成分等方面的文献予以分析,对页岩气开采导致水污染的途径及污染物的特点进行研究。结果表明:页岩气开采导致地下水及地表水污染的途径主要包括越流、井筒泄漏及地表人类活动等。页岩气开采长期持续产生水污染物,水污染物种类多、总量大、危害大,某些水污染物难以监测。该研究可以为我国页岩气开采水污染防治标准等规则的制订提供参考。Aiming at the problem of water pollution of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing generated by shale gas development,based on the principle of hydrogeology,this essay analyses the American literature which covers the examples of water pollution in shale gas development and the hydraulic fracturing fluid ingredients,and studies the paths to water pollution caused by shale gas extraction and the characteristics of its water pollutants.The results show that the paths to groundwater and surface water pollution caused by the extraction of shale gas mainly contains the flow pollution,wellbore leakage and human activities on the earth surface,etc.The water pollutants which are produced in shale gas extraction for a long time have large quantity and bring great harms and some of them are difficult to monitor.This research can contribute to developing the standards and other rules of water pollution prevention and control in the shale gas extraction in our county.

关 键 词：页岩气 水力压裂 水污染途径 水污染物 水污染防治 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52