不同光照周期对刺参摄食节律和消化生理的影响  

Effects of photoperiods on feeding rhythm and digestive physiology of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas

作　　者：孙佳敏[1] 王芳[1] 张立斌[2] 林承刚[2] 杨红生[2] 阚仁涛 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]山东蓝色海洋科技股份有限公司,山东莱州261413

出　　处：《海洋科学》2015年第5期1-8,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD13B02);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305043;201205023);国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406403)

摘　　要：在实验室条件下,研究了全光照（24L︰0D）、半光照半黑暗（12L︰12D）、全黑暗（0L︰24D）3种光照周期下刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）的摄食节律、摄食率以及3种消化酶（脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶）活力的昼夜变化规律。结果显示：（1）在全光照条件下,刺参极少活动,24 h内的摄食比例较低（6%~10%）;在半光照半黑暗条件下,刺参光照阶段运动不活跃,摄食比例较低（0~10%）,黑暗阶段运动极其活跃,摄食比例较高;在全黑暗条件下,刺参一直处于较活跃状态,24 h内的摄食比例都较高。3种光照条件下,刺参的摄食高峰都出现在00：00~02：00,且刺参夜晚的摄食比例显著高于白天（P〈0.05）;（2）刺参的日摄食率从全光照、半光照半黑暗到全黑暗依次增加,3种光照周期条件下刺参夜晚的摄食率极显著高于白天的摄食率（P〈0.01）;（3）3种光照周期下,刺参3种消化酶活力的最大值都出现在22：00~02：00,消化酶活力的最大值比摄食高峰早0~4 h。研究结果表明,光照对刺参的摄食节律和消化酶活力昼夜变化都有显著影响,刺参具有提前分泌消化酶为即将到来的摄食做好准备的调节机制。In this paper, the feeding rhythm, ingestion rate（IR） and the diurnal rhythm of three digestive enzyme（lipase, amylase and trypsin） activities were studied in sea cucumbers under three photoperiods（24L： 0D, 12L： 12 D and 0L： 24D）. The results showed that：（1） under the photoperiod of 24L： 0D, sea cucumber had lower activities and feeding proportion（6%~10%） within 24 hours; under the photoperiod of 12L： 12 D, sea cucumber had lower activities and feeding proportion（0~10%） in the light and had higher activities and feeding proportion in the dark; under the photoperiod of 0L︰24D, sea cucumber was in the active state all the time and had higher feeding proportion within 24 hours; under all the three photoperiods, the feeding peaks of sea cucumber occurred at 00： 00~02： 00 and the feeding proportions were significantly higher at night than those during the daytime（P〈0.05）;（2） the ingestion rates of sea cucumber were increased from 24L︰0D, 12L︰12D to 0L︰24D and the ingestion rate was significantly higher at night than those during the daytime（P〈0.01）;（3） the peak activities of three digestive enzymes of sea cucumber appeared at 22：00~02：00 under three photoperiods and the peak activities of digestive enzymes were 0~4 h earlier than the peak of feeding. Taken together, these results demonstrated that light was a powerful environment factor that influenced rhythms of feeding and digestive enzyme activities of A. japonicus, which had the ability to optimize the digestive processes for a forthcoming ingestion.

关 键 词：刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) 光照周期 摄食节律 摄食率 消化酶活力 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学]