我国青少年运动员文化学习动机结构及相关特征研究  

Motivational Structure and Characteristics of Young Athletes' Learning

作　　者：胡好[1] 孙庆祝[1] 张英波[2] 王林[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育学院,江苏南京210042 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期100-108,128,共10页Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第54批面上资助项目(编号:2013M541691);安徽省省教育厅重点基金项目(编号:2010sk306zd)

摘　　要：鉴于文化学习动机结构及特征之于我国青少年运动员文化教育落实与质量保障的重要意义,论文采用测量法、访谈法、文献法及数理统计法对我国青少年运动员文化学习动机进行了研究。结论如下:(1)编制的我国青少年运动员文化学习动机测量量表,模型拟合程度较好,具有较高的效度和信度。(2)文化学习动机是一个包含成功追求、专业发展、知识能力提高、尊重赢取、自身喜好及失败规避的二级六维模型。(3)总体动机水平中等偏上;各维度动机水平高低依次为:成功追求﹥专业发展﹥知识能力提高﹥尊重赢取﹥自身喜好﹥失败规避。其中知识能力提高和尊重赢取两个主因子动机水平呈显著差异,女子高于男子,其他4个主因子水平差异不具统计学意义。(4)纵向变化特征表现为:1随着年龄的增长,‘成功追求和专业发展’的动机水平逐渐增强;2小学与中学初级阶段,提高自身知识能力、尊重赢取、自身喜好及失败规避四个主因子对文化学习行为的促成起相对较为重要作用,随年龄增长,四个主因子作用逐渐降低,高中阶段达最低水平。研究结果在作为提升和保障我国青少年运动员文化教育教育质量依据的同时,也是针对该群体不同年龄与学习阶段不同学习动机特征采取相应方式方法,进行规范与引导的基础。In view of the significance of the motivational structure and characteristics of learning to the guaranteed quality of young athletes＇ education,this research looks at the learning motivation of Chinese young athletes. The main conclusions are as follows.（1） The measurement chart that we devised to test young athletes＇ learning motivation has a high goodness of fit,validity and reliability.（2） The learning motivation structure is a two-level six dimensional model,which consists of pursuit of success,professional development,intellectual ability improvement,respect winning,individual preferences and failure avoidance.（ 3） The overall motivational level was average and above,with each dimension in the following order（ from high to low）：the pursuit of success,professional development,intellectual ability improvement,respect winning,individual preferences,and failure avoidance. Significant difference was identified between ‘intellectual ability improvement＂and＂respect winning＂,while the levels of the other four main factors were not statistically significant.（4） The characteristics of longitudinal change of young athletes＇ learn-ing motivation are as follows. ①The motivational level of＂pursuit of success＂and＂professional development＂gradually increase;② In the early stage of primary school and middle school,the four main factors＂intellectual ability improvement＂,＂respect winning＂,＂individual preferences＂and＂failure avoidance＂are relatively important to the formation of learning behavior. But along with the increase in age,the role of the four main factors decreases gradually,reaching the lowest level in high school.

关 键 词：青少年运动员 学习动机测量工具 学习动机结构 总体特征 变化趋势 

分 类 号：G808.18[文化科学—体育训练]