跨理论模型对冠心病患者自我效能、健康信念和健康行为的影响  

Effect of transtheoretical model on self-efficacy, health belief and health behavior of patients with coronary heart disease

作　　者：吴素华[1] 郭金荣[2] 刘月荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省滨州市人民医院干部保健二科,256610 [2]山东省滨州市人民医院消毒供应室,256610

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2015年第19期2260-2263,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的：探讨基于跨理论模型（ TTM）的健康教育对冠心病患者自我效能、健康信念、健康行为的影响。方法2012年10月—2014年2月采用系统抽样法选择冠心病患者122例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各61例。对照组采用常规的一对一教育方法对患者进行健康行为教育,观察组采用基于TTM的健康行为教育,比较两组患者干预前后一般自我效能量表（ GSES）、冠心病健康信念量表、健康促进生活方式评定量表-Ⅱ（ HPLP-Ⅱ）的评分差异。结果干预后两组患者的自我效能和健康信念均有所提高,观察组的干预后GSES评分为（30.5±5.9）分,对照组为（27.2±5.6）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=3.168,P〈0.01）。干预后观察组的冠心病健康信念量表总分为（50.7±4.4）分,对照组为（45.0±5.3）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=6.463,P〈0.01）；干预后观察组HPLP-Ⅱ的自我实现、人际关系、健康职责、营养4个维度评分和总均分分别为（2.68±0.63）,（2.71±0．64）,（2.53±0.59）,（2.80±0.51）,（2.61±0.58）分,均高于对照组的（2.40±0.58）,（2.47±0.47）,（2.25±0.62）,（2.61±0.50）,（2.41±0.52）分,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为2.554,2.361,2.556,2.078,2.005；P〈0.05）。结论基于TTM的健康教育能明显提高CHD患者进行健康行为改变的自我效能,增强健康理念,有利于健康行为的建立。Objective To investigate the effect of health education based on transtheoretical model （TTM） on self-efficacy, health belief and health behavior of patients with coronary heart disease （ CHD）. Methods A total of 122 patients with CHD were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method. 61 cases in the control group were given conventional one-to-one health education, while 61 cases in the observation group were given health education based on TTM. The scores of GSES, the self-designed health belief scale for coronary heart disease and HPLP-Ⅱ were compared between the two groups before and after the invention. Results The self-efficacy and health belief of two groups were improved by the invention. The score of GSES in the observation group was （30. 5 ± 5. 9）, which was significantly higher than （27. 2 ± 5. 6） in the control group after invention （t=3. 168,P〈0. 01）. The scores of four dimensions and total score of health belief scale were （2. 68 ± 0. 63）,（2. 71 ± 0. 64）,（2. 53 ± 0. 59）, （2.80 ±0.51）,（2. 61 ± 0. 58）, which were significantly higher than （2. 40 ± 0. 58）,（2. 47 ± 0. 47）, （2. 25 ± 0. 62）,（2. 61 ± 0. 50）,（2. 41 ± 0. 52） in the control group after invention （t=2. 554,2. 361,2. 556, 2. 078,2. 005;P〈0. 05）. Conclusions The health education based on TTM can improve self-efficacy of health behavior change for patients with CHD, enhance health belief and is conductive to the establishment of health behavior.

关 键 词：冠心病 跨理论模型 自我效能 健康信念 健康行为 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]