常态与应急状态下口岸传染病预防控制模式的探讨  

Analysis of the pattern of prevention and control of infectious diseases at ports in normal and emergency situation

作　　者：许文平[1] 胡汉军[1] 李书香[1] 姚若东[1] 

机构地区：[1]珠海出入境检验检疫局拱北办,广东珠海519015

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2015年第1期59-62,共4页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

摘　　要：目的探讨如何完善"体温监测+医学巡查+自主申报"的口岸传染病预防控制模式,提高口岸卫生检疫监管效能。方法分析常态与甲型流感防控应急状态下口岸出入境人员卫生检疫查验结果,探讨"以体温监测为主、医学巡查为辅,自主申报与重点询查相结合,加强医学排查"的口岸传染病预防控制模式的有效性。结果甲型H1N1流感防控应急状态下可疑病例发现率为4.52/10万,传染病筛查效率为4.11%;常态下可疑病例发现率为0.92/10万,传染病筛查效率为14.91%;体温监测是发现可疑病例的主要途径,经主动申报、体温监测和医学巡查发现的可疑病例,甲型流感防控应急状态下各占33.96%、65.28%和0.77%,常态下各占1.11%、97.05%和1.84%。二者相比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=673.32,P<0.01);甲型流感防控期间确诊病例均为甲型H1N1流感。常态下确诊病例包括各型流感、肺结核、HIV感染、恶性疟、手足口病、乙型肝炎等。结论 "以体温监测为主、医学巡查为辅,自主申报与重点询查相结合,加强医学排查"的口岸传染病预防控制模式,提高了口岸卫生检疫监管效能。Objective To explore the pattern of prevention and control of infectious diseases at frontier ports, and to improve the surveillance efficiency. Methods The data of health and quarantine inspection on entry-exit personnel in normal and emergency situation had been analyzedto study the effect of the pattern of ＂inspecting mainly with temperature monitoring, and along with medical inspection, combing declaration and selective inquiry＂.Results The detection rate of suspected cases in emergency situation was 4.52/100000, the screening efficiency of infectious diseases was 4.11%. In normal situation, they were correspondingly 0.92/100000 and 14.91%. Temperature monitoring was the main method to detect the suspected cases. The constituent ratio of the number of suspect case detected by temperature monitoring, declaration and medical inspection in normal and emergency situation was significant different（χ2=673.32,P 〈0.01）. In emergency situation（Influenza H1N1 outbreaks）, all of the confirmed cases were influenza A（H1N1）. In normal situation, confirmed cases included influenza, pulmonary tuberculosis,HIV infection, falciparum malaria, hand-foot-and-mouth disease and hepatitis B. Conclusion The pattern of＂inspecting mainly with temperature monitoring, and along with medical inspection, combining declaration and selective inquiry＂ could improve the efficiency of supervision.

关 键 词：口岸 常态 应急状态 传染病 预防 控制 模式 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]