坝上旱寒区不同缓控释氮肥对错季白萝卜效益及土壤氮素的影响  

Effects of different controlled release nitrogenous fertilizers on the benefit and soil nitrogen of stagger-season white radish in Bashang arid and cold region,Hebei,China

作　　者：王倩倩[1] 刘树庆[1] 宁国辉[1] 邵蕾 牛秀芬 张笑归[1] 王燕 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001 [2]张家口市农牧局,河北张家口075000 [3]河北省尚义县农牧局,河北尚义076750 [4]河北省安新县农业局,河北安新071600

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2015年第4期39-43,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省农业综合开发办公室项目"坝上错季白萝卜高效安全施用氮肥的缓控释技术开发推广"

摘　　要：针对旱寒区错季蔬菜效益和氮肥利用率双低的客观实际,筛选出适用于坝上安全高效的缓控释氮肥是错季蔬菜提质增效、减少农业面源污染的技术关键。选取尚义县为试验点,采用大田试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了不同缓控释氮肥的产量、经济效益及对土壤氮素的影响。结果表明:施可丰牌稳定性复合肥料(16-8-18)的白萝卜产量最高,为116 362.96kg/hm2,比不施肥增产63.82%,比复混肥增产8.43%;白萝卜按包地出售和按重量出售,分别为施用施可丰牌包膜缓释复合肥料(22-9-11)与施可丰牌稳定性复合肥料(16-8-18)的经济效益最高为18 299.9yuan/hm2和79 638.2yuan/hm2,且产投比最大分别为1.7和4.2;施用施可丰牌包膜缓释复合肥料(16-8-18)土壤中全氮和碱解氮含量最高,NO3-N含量最低,对改善土壤氮素环境有利。推荐当地种植白萝卜时选用施可丰牌稳定性复合肥料(16-8-18),将传统的包地出售改为按重量出售方式进行白萝卜的销售。这些为缓控释肥在错季白萝卜节能增效及提高氮肥利用率提供了科学依据。Considering the facts of the low benefit and nitrogen utilization efficiency for stagger-season vegetables in arid and cold regions,screening out the safe and efficient controlledrelease nitrogenous fertilizers suitable to Bashang region,Hebei,China,is the key technology to improve the quality and effectiveness of stagger-season vegetable and reduce agricultural area pollution.Field and lab experiments in Shangyi were carried out and conducted to study the effects of different controlled release nitrogenous fertilizers on the yield,economical benefit and soil nitrogen.The results showed that the yield reached the maximum 116 362.96kg/hm2 for the stable compound fertilizer of Shikefeng（16-8-18）,which was increased by 63.82%and8.43%than that of no fertilizer and compound fertilizer treatments.According to the local traditional economic benefits package price calculation,the economic benefit reached the maximum 18 299.9yuan/hm2 for the coated film of controlled release fertilizers of Shikefeng（22-9-11）with the highest VCR 1.7.According to the weight computation,the economic benefit reached the maximum 79 638.2 yuan/hm2 for the stable controlled release fertilizers of Shikefeng（16-8-18）with the most VCR 4.2.Compared with other fertilizes,stable controlled release fertilizers of Shikefeng（16-8-18）leaded to a maximum of soil total N and alkali-hydrolyzable N,and a minimum of NO3-N content which is environmentally friendly.So,it is recommended for local radish farmers to use controlled release fertilizers of Shikefeng（16-8-18）,and convert the local traditional economic benefits package price calculation to the weight computation for selling their products.This research also provides scientific basis for energy efficiency and increasing nitrogen-utilized for controlled release nitrogenous fertilizers to staggerseason white radish.

关 键 词：缓控释氮肥 白萝卜 产量 效益 土壤氮素环境 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学] S631.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]