不同灌溉条件下葡萄叶片光合特性研究  

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Grape Under Different Irrigation Conditions

作　　者：李雅善[1] 李华[2] 徐成东[1] 王波[1] 王振吉[1] 范树国[1] 

机构地区：[1]楚雄师范学院化学与生命科学学院,云南楚雄675000 [2]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2015年第14期1-6,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31300370);云南省应用基础计划资助项目(2011FZ186);云南省重点建设学科基金资助项目(05YJJSXK03);云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助项目(IRTSTYN);楚雄师范学院学术后备人才资助项目(14XJRC21)

摘　　要：为探究不同灌溉条件下葡萄叶片光合特性,从葡萄萌芽开始,利用充分灌溉(Full irrigation,FI)、部分根区干燥(Part root-zone irrigation,PRD)、前期干旱(Early deficit,ED)和后期干旱(Late deficit,LD)4种不同的灌溉模式,研究不同灌溉措施对葡萄成熟期叶片光合参数和光合特性的影响。结果表明:FI和ED处理的葡萄叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率高于PRD和LD处理,而水分利用效率则低于后者。FI和PRD处理的光补偿点和暗呼吸速率均低于ED和LD处理,而PRD的光饱和点最小,FI的最大净光合速率最大。直角双曲线修正模型对光合光响应曲线的拟合要优于直角双曲线和非直角双曲线,尤其是对光饱和点的结果来说。通过线性拟合获得的表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率要低于非线性拟合获得的,且非线性拟合所获得的值更接近于实测值。从经济和生态效益2个方面考虑,LD和PRD处理效果更好。Four irrigation methods,concluding full irrigation（FI）,part root-zone irrigation（PRD）,early deficit（ED）,late deficit（LD）,were used to study on the photosynthetic characteristics of grape leaves beginning after bud.Then the photosynthetic parameters was measured and photosynthetic characteristics during mature period was analyzed.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance（Gs）and transpiration rate（Tr）of grape leaves of FI and ED were higher than the leaves of PRD and LD,while the water use efficiency（WUE）of FI and ED were lower than PRD and LD.The light compensation point（LCP）and dark respiratory rate（Rd）of FI and PRD were lower than ED and LD.And the light saturation point（LSP）of PRD was the least,while the net photosynthetic rate（Pnmax）of FI was the highest.Modified rectangular hyperbola model was better than rectangular hyperbola and nonrectangular hyperbola in fitting light-response curve of photosynthesis,especially in the result of LSP.The apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）and Rdacquired by linear fitting under lower levels of light intensity（PAR≤200μmol·m^-2·s^-1）were lower than non-linear fitting under PAR≤2 000μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the later was more close to measured value.Considering the economic and ecologic benefits,the LD and PRD were the better irrigation methods.

关 键 词：葡萄 灌溉方法 净光合速率 气孔导度 蒸腾速率 表观量子效率 光合光响应曲线 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]