淄博市农村饮用水水质及介水疾病发病状况调查  

Quality of Drinking Water and Incidence of Water-Borne Diseases in Rural Areas of Zibo City

作　　者：张殿平[1] 翟慎永[1] 刘晓利[1] 刘芳盈[1] 张启光[1] 李平[1] 

机构地区：[1]淄博市疾病预防控制中心,山东255026

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第7期652-654,658,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：淄博市科学技术局资助项目(编号:2011GG01250)

摘　　要：[目的]调查淄博市农村饮用水水质卫生状况,了解介水疾病发病及分布情况,评估饮用水安全性。[方法]2008至2012年在全市农村设置饮水监测点768处,分别定期采集出厂水和末梢水样本,依据GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行水质评价;依托地方性氟中毒政府项目及中国疾病预防控制中心信息系统的调查数据,分析地方性氟中毒的分布、氟斑牙的检出率及介水传染病发病及流行情况。[结果]2008至2012年该市农村饮用水总合格率为52.08%;该地农村地方性氟中毒为低度流行区,2012年8~12岁儿童氟斑牙总检出率为15.08%,氟斑牙指数为0.21;2012年5种常见介水传染病的发病率（27.8/10万）相对于2006年（55.7/10万）下降了50.1%。[结论]淄博市农村地区饮用水总合格率较低,但逐年有所改善。[Objective] To survey the sanitary condition of drinking water and the occurrence and distribution of waterborne diseases in rural areas of Zibo City, in order to evaluate the safety of drinking water. [Methods] We set up 768 monitoring spots covering the rural areas of Zibo City to collect finished water and tap water samples at a predetermined time interval from 2008 through 2012 and evaluate the quality of water according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB5749-2006）. Based on the databases of the National Endemic Fluorosis Project and the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention, the distribution of endemic fluorosis, positive rate of dental fluorosis, incidence rate of water-borne diseases were estimated. [Results] The overall qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas was 52.08% for 2008-2011. Low endemic fluorosis was identified in the areas. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children at 8-12 years of age was 15.08% for 2012 and the dental fluorosis index was 0.21. The incidence of five selected common water-borne diseases in 2012 was 27.8/105, fell by 50.1% compared to that in 2006 of 55.7/105. [Conclusion] The qualified rate of drinking water in the rural areas of Zibo is low in general, but shows improvement year by year.

关 键 词：水质监测 介水疾病 地理信息系统 控制对策 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R127[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]