夏季高温对不同产量奶牛生产性能的影响  

Effect of hyperthermia on production performance of dairy cows with different milk yields in summer

作　　者：曲明姿 陈志强[1] 王广猛 颜培实[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2015年第7期13-16,共4页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家"十二.五"科技专项(2012BAD12B10)

摘　　要：为了探讨夏季高温对高产和低产奶牛产奶量和乳组成的影响,选择40头健康荷斯坦奶牛,分为高产组和低产组,每组20头,高产奶牛日产奶量在35 kg以上,低产奶牛日产奶量为20~30 kg。试验在夏季进行,试验期间每日8：00、14：00和20：00记录奶牛的呼吸数和直肠温度,每周记录3天奶牛产奶量,每周选1d的混合奶样测定乳成分。结果表明：在牛舍平均温湿指数为81.9条件下,高产奶牛的产奶量下降了29.3%（P〈0.01）,低产奶牛的产奶量下降了7.6%（P〈0.05）;高、低产奶牛的乳脂率分别升高了10.21%和8%（P〈0.05）,而乳蛋白率没有显著变化。高产奶牛的乳脂率显著高于低产奶牛（P〈0.05）。由此可见,高温季节高产奶牛的产奶量下降幅度大于低产奶牛,具有较高的乳脂率。The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk composition of cows with different production performance in summer. Forty healthy Holstein cows were selected and allocated into high-producing group（ mean 35 kg / d） and low-producing group（ mean = 20- 30 kg / d） with 20 cows in each group. The respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured three times daily at 8： 00,14： 00 and 20： 00. Meantime,milk yield was recorded with three days every week and milk sample was collected one time to determine the milk components. The results showed that the average temperature-humidity index（ THI） was 81. 89 units and the milk yield of high-producing and low-producing dairy cows decreased by 29. 3%（ P〈0. 01） and 7. 6%（ P〈0. 05）,respectively. The milk fat percentage of high and low milk yield dairy cows increased 10. 21% and 8%（ P〈0. 05）,while there was no significant differences of milk protein percentage in a hot environment（ P〈0. 05）. The milk fat percentage of high milk yield dairy cows was higher than that of low milk yield dairy cows（ P〈0. 05）. Together,compared to the low lactating cows,the milk yield of the high lactating cows is negatively affected severely in high temperature season and the high lactating cows have a high level of milk fat percentage.

关 键 词：热应激 高产奶牛 低产奶牛 生产性能 

分 类 号：S823.9[农业科学—畜牧学]