膝关节后交叉韧带损伤的临床流行病学分析  

Clinical epidemiological analysis on posterior cruciate ligament injuries

作　　者：陈刚[1] 付维力[1] 唐新[1] 李棋[1] 李箭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院骨科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国骨伤》2015年第7期638-642,共5页China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

摘　　要：目的：研究膝关节后交叉韧带损伤的临床特点及其分布规律。方法：回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年6月确诊的326例膝关节后交叉韧带损伤患者临床资料,将病例按损伤类型分组,对性别、侧别、年龄、受伤原因、受伤至就诊时间、合并损伤等因素进行分析,同时比较不同类型后交叉韧带损伤的个体化因素及合并损伤情况。结果：后交叉韧带损伤患者男性占73%,30~50岁是发病高峰（59%）,患者多于伤后1个月内就诊（62.6%）;受伤原因以交通伤为主（59%）;合并损伤中前交叉韧带损伤最多（46.9%）,其次为内侧副韧带（29.8%）和后外侧角（26.1%）;后交叉韧带实质部损伤较止点撕脱骨折多,发生合并损伤的概率也较后者高（P〈0.05）,受伤原因差异也具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;单纯止点撕脱骨折与单纯实质部损伤在发生率和就诊时间方面差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 ：后交叉韧带损伤以实质部损伤为主,合并损伤率较高,以ACL损伤最常见;止点撕脱骨折以胫骨侧为主,多由低能量暴力导致,合并损伤较少;实质部损伤多由高能量暴力所致,多有合并损伤;单纯止点撕脱骨折发病率较单纯实质部损伤高。Objective：To investigate clinical characteristics of posterior cmciate ligament （PCL） injuries. Methods：To review all 326 patients with PCL injuries from January 2006 to June 2013 retrospectively ,which were grouped according to in- jury patterns. The survey included the gender, age, sides, duration from injury to surgery, cause of injury and combined injuries. Compare the patient-specific factors between two groups. Results：Male patients were the majority of PCL injuries （73%）, and 30 to 50 years old patients accounted for 59%. 62.6% of all patients went for a doctor within one month after trauma. Traffic ac- cidents were the main cause of PCL injuries （59%）, especially motorcycle accidents （74.3%）. Anterior emciate ligament （A- CL） injuries were the most common combined injuries （46.9%）,followed by medial collateral ligament （MCL） （29.8%） and posterolateral comer （PLC） （26.1%）. The meniscal tears accounted for 30.4% of total cases. The in-substance PCL injuries （71.5%） were far more than avulsion fractures （28.5%） ,and the former had more combined injuries than the later （P〈0.05）. The causes of injuries were statistically different between two groups （P〈0.05）. The prevalence of isolated avulsions was higher than isolated in-substance injuries （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： In the general population, in-substance PCL tears were dominant on PCL injuries. The prevalence of combined injuries was quite high, among which ACL injuries were the most common. Insertion avulsion fractures emerged mainly at the tibial side ,which had less combined injuries than those suffered in-substance PCL in- juries. The incidence of isolated insertion avulsion fractures was higher than isolated in-substance injuries.

关 键 词：后交叉韧带 流行病学 创伤和损伤 膝关节 

分 类 号：R686.5[医药卫生—骨科学]