论清末教务教案中的美国领事—以庚子前后的美国驻广州领事为例  

Boxer Movement Dynasty: A Case Study of US Consuls in Guangzhou during the US Consuls and Christian Affairs and Cases in Late Qing

作　　者：钟远明[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2015年第7期113-126,共14页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目批准号:2014112010206)研究成果

摘　　要：晚清以来,美国新教在华南积极拓展传教事业,与当地社会牵涉日深,在不平等条约的保护下,领事对其辖区内的教士负有保护职责,相关教务教案便成为广州美国领事工作的重要内容之一。时至庚子前后,美国提出"门户开放",以保全中国居功,广州美国领事标榜对华"亲善",活动更趋积极,不仅与两广地方当局密切配合以保护教士,从而奠定双方教务事宜之合作基础,更借此推动出台《两广教务章程》以限制法国对天主教的庇护,抗衡法国在华南之势力。在中美关系陷入低谷时,美国领事利用自身职位,借助连州教案为其施行的"炮舰政策"鼓动舆论,预设调查立场,罔顾调查事实,苛刻索赔,尽显帝国主义本色。上述行动以起伏的中美关系为背景,领事在其中发挥着极大的推动作用,并对近代中美关系产生了不容忽视的影响。The late Qing dynasty saw the spreading of American Protestantism in south China and closer contacts between the Protestant churches and local societies. Under the unequal treaties, US consuls were responsible for protecting missionaries in areas under their jurisdiction. Dealing with Christian affairs and cases became one of the most important tasks of US consuls in Guangzhou. Around the Boxer Movement, US consuls in Guangzhou were more actively engaged under the Open Door Policy, by which the United State claimed credit for ＂saving China＂. They collaborated with local authorities of Guangdong and Guangxi in order to protect missionaries, which paved the way for collaboration in dealing with Christian cases. They also promoted the Regulation for the Guidance of Christian Affairs in Two Kwangs to restrict French protection of Catholicism and to compete with France in south China. When Sino-US relations were in crisis, US consuls made use of the Lienchow Tragedy to agitate public opinions and to support the US government＇s Gunboat Diplomacy while being ignorant of the truth. Along with the ups and downs of Sino-US relations, US consuls played active roles and had important influences on modern Sino-US relations.

关 键 词：美国领事 教务教案 两广教务章程 中美关系 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]