泡沫铝在汽车上的开发应用  

Development and Application of Aluminum Foam Material in Automobiles

作　　者：王刚[1] 杨红新[1] 焦孟旺[1] 魏元生[1] 李贺[1] 贡泽飞 

机构地区：[1]长城汽车股份有限公司技术中心河北省汽车工程技术研究中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《稀有金属》2015年第7期660-665,共6页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家科技部高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA111202)资助

摘　　要：泡沫铝具有轻量化优势及多功能兼容性,适应汽车轻量化、低能耗和安全舒适的发展方向,有望满足汽车工业节能减排的现实需求,具有重要的应用意义。本文测试了泡沫铝板及其复合三明治板的力学性能,试验包括准静态弯曲和压缩试验;通过验证不同规格试样在两种受力模式下的变形特点,分析了泡沫铝的失效机制。研究结果表明:随着厚度的增加,泡沫铝材料整体抵抗载荷的稳定性和均匀性提高、吸能性增大,表现为材料断裂挠度显著增大。相同规格的泡沫铝三明治复合板力学性能明显优于泡沫铝试样,与泡沫铝试样相比,三明治复合板的抗弯强度和弯曲模量增加7倍,断裂挠度基本相等;其压缩强度增加1倍,屈服强度值达18.37 MPa,屈服应变由3.6%增大为8.9%,材料抵抗压缩变形的稳定性和强度显著提高。泡沫铝制备的三明治复合板的显著性能优势和轻量化特性,使其在汽车行业具有重要的应用价值。With the advantages of lightweight and multi-functional compatibility,aluminum foam stands for the trend of vehicle in lightweight,low energy consumption,safety and comfort. It can meet the requirements on energy conservation and emission reduction hopefully and has broad application prospect in auto industry. The mechanical properties of the aluminum foam blanks（ AFB） and its sandwich structure were tested including the quasi-static bending and compression test. According to the deformation characteristics of different gauge samples in two loading modes,the failure mechanism was analyzed. The results indicated that with the thickness increasing,the abilities of loading resistance and homogeneity as well as the capability of energy absorbing were enhanced,resulting in the obvious increase of fracture deflection. Compared with the aluminum foam samples of the same gauge,the mechanical properties of AFB were obviously better; the bending strength and modulus were 7 times larger and the compressive strength was 1 time larger than those of aluminum foam samples,while the fracture deflection was approximately the same. The yield strength of sandwich structure reached 18. 37 MPa and the strain increased from 3. 6% to 8. 9%. Both the stability and strength of compression resistance were significantly improved. Excellent mechanical properties and light weight characteristics of the sandwich structure made it possess significant potential applications in motor industry.

关 键 词：泡沫铝 弯曲试验 压缩试验 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]