3983例无偿献血不良反应的分析及处理措施  

Analysis and countermeasures of adverse reactions from 3983 cases of voluntary blood donation

作　　者：邱斌[1] 何博[1] 曾祥凤[1] 张文春[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心,广东广州510095

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2015年第6期686-687,共2页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的对广州市771 508名无偿献血者中的3 983名献血不良反应者调查。方法 2011年1月-2013年12月我们对3 983名献血不良反应者进行分类,对不同诱因引起的反应程度分为轻、中、重3种,并对其进行统计分析。结果各类诱因引起的无偿献血不良反应中,精神紧张是造成无偿献血不良反应的最主要原因。各类诱因引起的不同程度的献血不良反应的差异有统计学意义。在3 983名献血不良反应者中,由精神紧张引起的不良反应共2 612名(65.6%)。睡眠不足或疲劳过度献血引起不良反应544名(13.7%)。空腹献血不良反应322名(8.1%)。晕针晕血献血不良反应131名(3.3%)。纤细的血管穿刺疼痛119名(3.0%)。献血后血肿129名(3.2%)。女性经期献血109名(2.7%)。其他献血17名(0.4%)。不同原因引起的献血不良反应的轻中重程度的构成比例存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论引起献血不良反应的原因主要由于献血者精神紧张,睡眠不足和空腹献血等情况引起。我们应该提高静脉采血技术、优化服务意识、在采血过程中注意与献血者的情感交流,从而提供安全舒适的献血环境,预防献血不良反应的发生。Objective To investigate the adverse reactions from 3 983 eases among 771 508 volunteers. Methods 3 983 blood donors who experienced adverse reactions from January 2011 to December 2013 were categorized by the degrees of adverse reactions and were divided into slight, moderate and severe degree. Stastical analysis was conducted after data collection and categorization. Results Among the causes for adverse reactions from blood donation, mental stress constitutes the main cause. There was statistical significant difference among different degrees of adverse reaction caused by different reasons. Among 3 983 blood donors with adverse reactions, there were 2 612 （69. 2% ） adverse reactions caused by mental stress, 544 （13.7%） caused by lack of sleep, 322 （8.1%） caused by fasting, 131（3.3% ） caused by fainting by needle or blood, 119 （3.0%） caused by pain from vein puncture, 129 （3.2%） caused by hematoma, 109 （2. 7% ） caused by menstrual period, and 17 （0. 4% ） caused by other reasons. There was significant difference among the ratios of different degrees of adverse reactions caused by different reasons （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The main cause of adverse reaction can be attributed to mental stress. Secondary causes include lack of sleep and fasting before blood donation. The level of vein punc- ture technique should be improved. Awareness for service should be enhanced. Donors should be taken good care of with emotional communication during the whole process of blood donation, in order to create a safe and comfortable environment and lessen the fear for blood donors. To sum up, blood donation adverse reactions can be effectively prevented or reduced.

关 键 词：无偿献血 不良反应 处理措施 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]