被动式恒力缓冲装置的设计与性能研究  

Design of a passive constant force shock absorber and its characteristics

作　　者：张春辉[1] 汪玉[2] 杜俭业[2] 温肇东[2] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学,武汉430033 [2]海军装备研究院,北京100161

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2015年第13期176-181,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：973项目(613157010102);十二五预研基金(4010304030202)

摘　　要：船舶设备遭受强冲击作用时,能够承受的加速度和相对位移幅值都很小,采用隔振器和限位器均不能满足抗冲击要求,此时需要特殊的缓冲元件来存储、吸收大量的冲击能量。基于最优抗冲理论,设计一种被动式恒力缓冲装置,推导了凸轮滑轨机构受力与弹簧变形之间的关系,在此基础上分析了橡胶垫等效线性刚度、阻尼比对恒力缓冲装置缓冲性能的影响,并与等效线性刚度系统进行了对比。研究结果表明,与等效线性刚度系统相比,该装置明显降低被隔离设备的绝对加速度幅值和相对位移幅值,具有良好的抗冲击性能。研究结论为恒力缓冲装置的设计和应用提供一定的参考。It is known that the acceleration amplitude and the relative displacement amplitude acceptable for ship equipments are very small when they are subjected to a strong impact.Under this circumstance,no vibration isolators and displacement restrictors can meet the shock isolation requirements of ship equipments.Therefore,a special shock absorber is necessary to store and dissipate larger shock energy.Here,based on the optimal shock isolation theory,a passive constant force shock absorber was developed.The relation between stress of cam sliding rail and spring deformation was derived.Furthermore,the numerical analysis for the effects of rubber stiffness and damping ratio on shock isolation performance of the absorber was performed.The results showed that in comparison with the equivalent linear stiffness shock isolation system,the constant force shock absorber can obviously reduce the absolute acceleration amplitude and the relative displacement amplitude and effectively improve the impact resistance performance.The conclusions provided a reference for the design and application of constant force shock absorbers.

关 键 词：恒力装置 缓冲性能 阻尼比 

分 类 号：O322[理学—一般力学与力学基础]