天津古海岸与湿地保护区啮齿动物群落结构及其与环境因子关系  

The rodent community and its relationship with environmental factors in Tianjin Palecoast and Wetland Natural Reserve

作　　者：蔡赫[1] 卞少伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,牡丹江157012 [2]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《兽类学报》2015年第3期288-296,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40830535)

摘　　要：2011-2013年,在天津古海岸与湿地国家级自然保护区6种生境中设置31个样方,利用铗日法调查啮齿动物,同时记录各个样方10个环境因子。调查期间共捕获啮齿动物7种157只,总铗捕率为1.69%。优势种为黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠和大仓鼠,铗捕率分别为0.59%、0.25%和0.23%。铗捕率以人类居住区和农田最高,水域岸边次之,其它生境较低;种数和多样性较高值均出现在人类居住区和农田,最低值在盐碱地;均匀度除了水域岸边较低外,其它生境较高,表明啮齿动物群落结构变化明显。利用余冗分析法对啮齿动物群落与环境因子之间关系进行分析,结果表明农作物距离、草本盖度、水体盐度、灌丛高度是影响古海岸湿地啮齿动物群落结构变化的关键环境因子。Rodents were trapped using snap traps from 2011 to 2013 at 31 sites in six habitats in the Tianjin Palecoast and Wetland Natural Reserve （TPWNR） and ten environmental variables were recorded for each site. In total, 157 individu- als were captured comprising 7 species. The total trap capture success rate was 1.69%. There were three dominant ro- dents： Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, and Cricetulus triton, for which trap capture successes were 0.59%, 0. 25% , and 0. 23% , respectively. The trap capture success rates, species richness, Shannon and Pielou index were sig- nificantly difference among the six habitats. The highest trap capture successes were found in areas with human habitation and cropland, followed by water＇ s edge; the remaining habitats were low. The highest values for both species richness and Shannon index were found in human inhabited areas and cropland, and the lowest value were found in alkali area habitat. The Pielou index was high in different habitats except of the water＇ s edge habitat. These results indicate that there was sig- nificant variation among the rodent communities in TPWNR. Such variations were controlled by environmental factors. The result of redundancy analysis with forward selection indicated that distance to crops, herbaceous coverage, water salinity and shrub height played key roles in defining the structures of rodent communities in TPWNR.

关 键 词：啮齿动物 群落结构 环境因子 冗余分析 天津古海岸与湿地保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]