供电职业人群焦虑抑郁随访研究  

A follow-up study on anxiety and depression among employees from power supply workplaces

作　　者：谢朝辉[1] 郭惠平[1] 肖丽俐[1] 张丽民[1] 魏秀梅[1] 王彤宇[1] 姚佳夷 边晓焱 范文洋[1] 汪笑青 姜梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学电力教学医院(北京电力医院),北京100073

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2015年第7期558-561,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的描述供电职业人群焦虑、抑郁的现状,探讨影响供电职业人群焦虑、抑郁的相关因素及有效的干预方法,为职业人群心理健康管理提供理论依据。方法采用流行病学随访研究的方法,应用一般信息问卷、幸福度量表、社会支持评定量表、焦虑和抑郁量表对北京市、河北省唐山市、张家口市18-60岁职业人群进行了分层整群抽样调查,第一层为地区,第二层为电力公司,第三层为部门。2 782名职业人群随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组采用健康教育、企业支持、个体心理疏导、团体心理指导和小组讨论干预方法进行干预;对照组观察其自然变化。结果 2 782名职业人群中127名员工（4.57%）有焦虑情绪;299名员工（10.75%）有抑郁心境。焦虑标准分与工作时间、住房、朋友、沟通、幸福度总分和抑郁标准分相关。抑郁标准分与体质指数、甘油三酯、幸福度总分、社会支持总分和焦虑标准分相关。干预前干预组和对照组各项得分差异无统计学意义,干预后干预组焦虑标准分、抑郁标准分明显低于干预前的评分（P〈0.05）。结论供电职业人群焦虑、抑郁症状评分与其生活质量、幸福度、社会支持等因素有关,干预6个月后其焦虑、抑郁评分与对照组比较明显降低。Objective To understand the current status of anxiety and depression of employees in power supply workplaces,and to discuss it′s related factors. Methods A follow-up study was carried out and a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 782 employees aged 18-60 yeas selected by multi-stage,stratified,unequal proportional and cluster sampling method in power supply workplaces in Beijing,Tangshan and Zhangjiakou Power Companies using general information scale,Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness,Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups,one group received intervention service as specific health education,social support,psychological counseling and group discussion.Individuals received no intervention as controls. Results Of2 782 individuals surveyed,127（4.57%）suffered from anxiety and 299（10.75%）from depression,the former was significantly related to working period,housing,friends,communication,happiness and standard depression scores（P0.05）,while the later was significantly related to BMI,TG,social support,happiness and standard anxiety scores（P0.05）.Scores of two groups had no significant difference before intervention.However,the scores of anxiety and depression decreased significantly after intervention（P0.05）. Conclusions A relatively high percentage of employees working in high voltage power supply workplaces suffer from anxiety and depression,which are closely related to quality of life and social support.Psychological intervention for six months lowers the scores of anxiety and depression.

关 键 词：供电职业人群 焦虑 抑郁 相关因素 随访研究 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]