非洲国家宪政转型现状及其成因分析  

The Realities of the Constitutionalist Transformation in the African Countries and Analysis on Its Causes

作　　者：程迈[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学立法研究中心 [2]南昌大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2015年第4期132-155,共24页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地南昌大学立法研究中心2015年度招标项目"立法活动中政党引导作用的比较宪法研究"的资助

摘　　要：目前非洲国家的宪政转型存在着严重的空洞化,民众似乎也对宪政民主表现出疏离。各国独立宪法在模仿宗主国宪法时没有考虑各国的实际情况,未能成功实施,独立后不久反宪政的宪法工具主义盛行。1990年以后,面对国际压力各国启动新的宪法改革,但政治精英依然垄断着对国家权力的控制。经典宪政中独立且有能力的公民模式在非洲无法适用。与西方国家的发展历程相反,非洲国家的宪政转型先有法律制度,后才建立各种经济和社会基础,缺乏文化支撑。各国政治精英从维护既得利益出发又不愿培育宪政文化。目前民主政党制度是推动非洲国家宪政转型成功的关键,各国宪法也普遍确认了民主政党制度的重要性,但是一党主导制的兴起又对非洲国家宪政转型带来了新的消极影响。the current development of constitutionalism in African countries appears to degrade into superficiality, while the average African people tend to show indifference to the constitutionalist democracy. The independence constitutions of the African countries were more an imitation of their suzerain without paying substantial attention to their local needs which failed to be implemented successfully, while the anti- constitutionalist instrumentalism upon the constitution prevailed shortly after the independence. After 1990s, facing the increasing international pressure, a new wave of constitutional reform was initiated while the elites are still monopolizing the state power. The paradigm of independent and able citizen is of little applicability under the African context. In contrast to the western development route, the constitntionalist transformation in Africa started with legal system, then certain economic and social foundation were established lacking cultural support. Considering their vested interests the African political elites are reluctant to foster a constitutionalist culture. The democratic political party system is the key to further the constitutionalist transformation in African countries, and constitutions of most African countries also recognize the importance of the democratic political party system, while in reality the rise of dominant party system brings negative impact on the future of the constitutionalist transformation in the African countries.

关 键 词：宪政转型 非洲国家 精英统治 宪政公民模式 民主政党 

分 类 号：D94[政治法律—法学] D74