构树林下枯落物对坡面流水动力学特性的影响  

Impact of Broussonetia papyrifera Forest Litter on Slope Runoff Hydrodynamic Characteristics

作　　者：孙佳美[1] 李瀚之 赵阳[2] 余新晓[1] 常玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第3期102-105,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41430747)

摘　　要：为研究构树及其枯落物对坡面径流水动力学参数特征的影响,采用人工模拟降雨的方法对不同坡度和降雨强度条件下有枯落物覆盖和无枯落物覆盖的构树坡面径流的水动力学参数特征进行试验.结果表明：构树林下枯落物能减小坡面土壤侵蚀64％～84％,并且随着坡度和降雨强度的增加,减沙效应逐渐变小;坡面径流雷诺数随降雨历时增加呈现先增大后稳定的趋势,雷诺数随坡度的增加显著增加,随降雨强度的增加显著增加,并且降雨强度对雷诺数的影响更加明显,构树林下枯落物对坡面径流雷诺数影响显著,能有效减小径流雷诺数;径流功率随降雨的进行呈现逐渐增大并最后稳定的趋势,坡度和降雨强度的增加均会导致径流功率增大,枯落物能够显著减小坡面径流功率,减弱径流的携沙能力.To study the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera forest and its litter on slope runoff hydrodynamic parameters, we used the method of rainfall simulation to investigate the hydrodynamic parameters of Broussonetia papyrifera forest slope runoff under different slope degrees and rainfall intensities, with or without litter coverage. The results showed that Broussonetia papyrifera forest litter reduced slope soil erosion by 64%～84%, and the sediment reduction decreased with the increas of slope degree and rainfall in- tensity. Reynolds number of slope runoff increased at first and then tended to be stable with the increase of rainfall duration time, which also increased with the increase of slope degree and rainfall intensity, with rainfall intensity showing more significant effects. The impact of litter was significant on Reynolds number of slope, leading to obvious reduction in Reynolds number. The runoff power increased at first and then maintained stability. The increases of both slope degree and rainfall intensity increased runoff power, while forest litter significantly decreased runoff power, leading to reduction in sediment-carrying capacity of slope runoff.

关 键 词：枯落物 坡面 径流 水动力学 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]