铁尾矿废弃地火炬树林水土保持功能  

Soil and Water Conservation Function of Rhus typhina L.Forest in Iron Tailings

作　　者：陈颖[1,2] 李晨光[1] 徐学华[1] 郭江[3] 李玉灵[1] 刘海翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]廊坊市水务局,河北廊坊065000 [3]迁安市林业局,河北迁安064400

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第3期106-111,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：矿区水土资源高效利用植被恢复模式构建技术试验示范项目(2012BAC09B09);矿山废弃地生物修复技术研究项目(2012AA1014303)

摘　　要：为了研究火炬树对铁尾矿废弃地土壤基质改良及水土保持功能的作用,以铁尾矿废弃地火炬树乔木林为研究对象,并以灌草林地和裸尾矿为对照,分别布设径流模拟场和土样采集地,对3种立地类型样地内土壤物理性质(土壤孔隙度和容重)、土壤水分状况和产流产沙情况进行测定,比较火炬树乔木林和灌草林对铁尾矿基质改良的差异性及其不同植被恢复林地的水土保持功能。结果表明:(1)火炬树样地在提高土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度方面明显优于灌草林样地,更高于裸尾矿地;而3个样地的土壤容重差别不明显。(2)火炬树样地的土壤田间持水量、毛管持水量和饱和含水量相对裸尾矿样地分别提高了46%,35%和27%。相对灌草地分别提高了41%,25%和0.3%,改良作用也明显优于灌草样地。(3)土壤水分的初渗速率由大到小依次为火炬树(12.73mm/min)>灌草(11.45mm/min)>裸尾矿(9.66mm/min)。稳渗速率由大到小依次为裸尾矿(8.49mm/min)>火炬树(7.88mm/min)>灌草(7.62mm/min)。表明火炬树样地蓄水保水能力最强。(4)火炬树样地虽产生地表径流次数较多(14次),径流量较大(68 403.5t/km2),但流失水土的含沙量和侵蚀量分别仅为裸尾矿地的3%和2%。在火炬树发生水土流失的同时,灌草地均产生径流,水土流失的含沙量、侵蚀量和径流量分别为火炬树样地的1.55倍,1.35倍和1.32倍。In order to study the effects of Rhus typhina L. on soil physicochemical properties and soil and water conservation function in iron tailings, Rhus typhina forest, brushwood mixed forest and bare land in iron tailings were selected to establish runoff simulation plot and collect soil samples. We analyzed soil physical characteristics（soil porosity and soil bulk density）, soil water-holding capacity and runoff and sediment yield in 3 kinds of land use types in iron tailings and compared effects of different forests on improvement of soil properties and soil and water conservation function. The results showed that. （1）Rhus typhina forest showed better effect than brushwood mixed forest on the improvement of soil total porosity and capillary porosity, while brushwood mixed forest showed better effect than bare land in iron tailings. Soil bulk density did not obviously differ among 3 kinds of land use types. （2） The field capacity, soil capillary water-holding capability and saturated water content under Rhus typhina forest were 46%, 35% and 27% higher than those in bare iron tailings land, respectively, while 41%, 25% and 0.3% higher than those under brushwood mixed forest, respectively. Rhus typhina forest had a better effect on improvement of soil physical properties than brushwood mixed forest. （3）In 3 kinds of land use types, soil initial infiltration rate listed as follows： Rhus typhina forest （12. 73mm/min）〉 brushwood mixed forest （11. 45 mm/min） 〉 bare land （9. 66mm/min）, while the stable infiltration rate listed as follows： Bare land（8.49 mm/min）〉Rhus typhina forest（7.88 mm/min））brushwood mixed forest（7.62 mm/min）. The results indicated that Rhus typhina forest showed the best effect on the improvement of soil water storage capacity. （4） Although the frequency and volume of surface runoff were at the highest level in Rhus typhina forest （frequency： 14 times; runoff volume： 68 403. 5 t/km2 ）, the sediment yield of runoff and the amount of soil er

关 键 词：铁尾矿 火炬树 土壤理化性质 土壤入渗 径流量 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]