帽儿山2种森林类型凋落物和土壤水文效应  

Hydrological Effects of Litter and Soil in Two Forest Types in Maoershan Region

作　　者：武启骞[1] 王传宽[1] 赵娟[1] 窦佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生态研究中心,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第3期161-166,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD37B01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572014AA11)

摘　　要：为探讨帽儿山地区2种森林类型凋落物和土壤的水文效应,采用室内浸水法和环刀法分别研究红松人工林和蒙古栎天然林凋落物和土壤的持水特性.结果表明：红松人工林凋落物现存量（8.63 t/hm2）显著大于蒙古栎天然林（6.42 t/hm2） （P＜0.05）.2种森林类型的凋落物均以分解层为主,半分解层次之,未分解层最少.红松人工林凋落物最大持水率（286％）显著大于蒙古栎天然林（267％）（P＜0.05）.2种凋落物最大持水量为20.71～27.67 t/hm2,持水深（WH）为2.07～2.77 mm.红松人工林凋落物层的持水性能优于蒙古栎天然林凋落物层.凋落物的WH随浸水时间（t）延长而呈幂函数上升,而凋落物的持水率（WA）则随t延长而呈幂函数下降.浸水2h内,WH和WA增减最快;浸水8h后,两者保持相对稳定.凋落物现存量与有效拦蓄水量有显著正相关关系（r=0.88,P＜0.01）,表明凋落物现存量与对降雨的有效拦蓄能力极相关.2种类型森林土壤容重均随土层厚度变深而增加,毛管孔隙度和总毛管孔隙度随土层厚度变深而减小,红松人工林土壤层有效持水能力大于蒙古栎天然林.综上,本区域内红松人工林的林地持水能力优于蒙古栎天然林,是该区域内重要的水分涵养林.To explore the hydrological effects of litter and soil of two forest types in Maoershan region, this study used immersion method and cutting ring method in laboratory to investigate the water-holding characteristics of litter and soil of Korean pine（Pinus koraiensis） plantation and Mongolian oak （Quercus mongolica） natural forest. The results showed that the biomass of litter of Korean pine plantation（8.63 t/hm2） was significantly higher than that of Mongolian oak forest（6.42 t/hm2） （P〈0.05）. In the two forest types, the litter layers were mainly composited by humus, followed by mull and mor. The maximum water-holding rate of litter in the Korean pine plantation（286%） was significantly higher than that in the Mongolian oak forest（267%）（P〈 0.05）. The maximum water-holding capacity of litter in the two forest types ranged from 20.71 t/hm2 to 27.67 t/hm2 , while the maximum water-holding depth（WH） of litter varied from 2.07 mm to 2.77 mm. The water-holding capacity of litter in the Korean pine plantation was significantly greater than that in the Mongolian oak forest. With the increasing immersion time（t） of litter, W, increased, while water-absorption rate（WA） decreased, with power function. WH and WA changed rapidly during the initial 2 hours after litter immersion, and tended to be stable when litter immersion time exceeded 8 hours. There was a significant correlation between the biomass and effective water-holding capacity of litter（r=0.88, P〈0.01）. In the two forest types, soil bulk density increased, while capillary porosity and total porosity decreased, with the increasing depth of soil layer, and the effective water-holding capacity of soil was greater in Korean pine plantation than that in Mongolian oak forest. These results suggested that in this area, the water-holding capacity of Korean pine plantation was better than that of Mongolian oak forest, and Korean pine plantation was more important for water conservation.

关 键 词：帽儿山 温带森林 凋落物层 水文效应 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]