水稻在不同生态点的产量及其氮素利用率差异比较  

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice under Different Ecological Locations

作　　者：单双吕 谢小兵[1] 陈佳娜[1] 曹放波[1] 伍丹丹[1] 李志斌[1] 高伟[1] 黄敏[1] 邹应斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国稻米》2015年第4期56-61,共6页China Rice

基　　金：国家水稻现代产业技术体系岗位专家项目(2011-2015)

摘　　要：为探明湖南长沙和贵州兴义2个生态点水稻产量差异、干物质积累及其分配特点和氮素吸收利用率规律,2014年以五优308、珞优9348、玉香油占和黄华占为材料,进行不施氮（0 kg/hm^2）、中氮（161.25 kg/hm^2）、高氮（225 kg/hm^2）处理的大田栽培试验。结果表明：（1）兴义生态点的平均产量为11.98 t/hm^2,比长沙点显著高23.82%;2个生态点品种间产量表现一致,均以五优308产量最高（9.41-12.80 t/hm^2）,其次为珞优9348、黄华占和玉香油占,除珞优9348外,五优308显著高于其他品种。（2）兴义点有效穗数、结实率和千粒重分别比长沙点高35.27%、11.13%和3.66%,差异达到显著水平,2生态点均以有效穗数对产量的贡献最大,其次兴义点为千粒重、长沙点为每穗粒数。（3）生态点间移栽-齐穗期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质总量和收获指数差异显著,兴义点分别比长沙点增加22.95%、27.59%和5.07%。（4）兴义点氮素吸收量和氮素偏生产力分别为21.97 g/m^2和64.86 kg/kg,分别较长沙点高29.40%和26.15%,差异显著;随施氮量增加,氮素吸收利用率、农学利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力均表现为下降的趋势。可见,兴义点齐穗期较高的干物质转运率和后期干物质生产优势及其较高的有效穗数、结实率和千粒重是其获得高产的主要原因。To study the difference of grain yield, dry matter accumulation and distribution and nitrogen use efficiency for rice cultivars under two different ecological locations（Changsha, Hunan Province and Xingyi, Guizhou Province）, experiments were conducted with Wuyou 308, Luoyou 9348, Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan under three nitrogen rates（0 kg/hm^2, 161.25 kg/hm^2 and 225 kg/hm^2）. The results showed that：（1）the grain yield was 11.98 t/ hm^2 in Xingyi, which significantly produced 23.82% more grain yield than that in Changsha. There was a consistent trend in grain yield for all cultivars under two ecological locations, which the grain yield of Wuyou 308（9.41-12.80 t/hm^2） was highest, then Luoyou 9348, Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan, and there was a significant difference in grain yield attained by Wuyou 308 comparing with Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan.（2）Panicles per m^2, grain filling rate and 1 000-grain weight were significantly higher by 22.95%, 27.59% and 5.07%, respectively, in Xingyi than those in Changsha. Furthermore, panicles per m^2 had the highest contribution to grain yield at two locations, then 1 000-grain yield in Xingyi and spikelets per panicle in Changsha.（3）There was significant difference in dry matter at heading stage and maturity stage between two locations, and respectively higher by 22.95%, 27.59% and 5.07% in Xingyi than those in Changsha.（4）Nitrogen uptake and partial fertilizer efficiency were 21.97 g/m^2 and 64.86 kg/kg in Xingyi, respectively, which significantly higher by 29.40% and 26.15%comparing with Changsha. RE, AE, PE and PFP decreased with increasing nitrogen rate. Therefore, Xingyi produced more grain yield due to higher dry matter transportation rate and dry matter accumulation after heading stage, panicles per m^2, grain filling rate and1 000-grain weight.

关 键 词：水稻 生态点 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]