简易覆盖对泰安地区酿酒葡萄园冬季土壤温湿度的影响  

Effects of easily operated cover pattern on temperature and humidity of vineyard soil in winter in the region of Tai'an

作　　者：孙鲁龙 宋伟[1] 杜远鹏[1] 翟衡[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2015年第4期12-16,共5页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-30);长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1155)

摘　　要：为了筛选适宜的简化防寒方法以替代树体下架埋土防寒,采用温湿度实时监控技术,检测了泰安地区最低气温情况,并对比研究了泰安地区冬季最冷时段葡萄园在简易覆盖和埋土防寒情况下土壤温度和湿度的变化特点。结果表明,1月所监测葡萄园冬季最低气温达到-15^-16℃;与埋土防寒相比,各种覆盖方式均能显著提高不同深度土层温度的最低值和平均值,保温效果依次是双毡+膜>双毡=单毡>埋土。其中,单层毡布覆盖操作简易,价格低廉,其地下5 cm、10 cm、20 cm及40 cm土层极低温度分别为0.91℃、1.28℃、1.69℃、2.80℃,均在0℃以上,明显优于埋土防寒的-2.95℃、-0.45℃、0.66℃、1.80℃;覆单毡后地下20cm土层的相对湿度为76.47%,较埋土防寒提高23.4%,利于葡萄度过干旱的冬季;覆单毡后赤霞珠的物候期比埋土防寒推迟7 d;但发芽率和坐果率没有显著差别。本研究表明,在冬季最低气温不低于-16℃的泰安或类似地区,采用覆毡的简易防寒方式有替代埋土防寒的可行性。In order to select the grapevine cover pattern which is easier operability than burying soil in winter, realtime monitoring technology was used to study the feature of temperature and humidity of vineyard soil. The results showed that the lowest temperature in January was-15^-16 ℃ in Tai＇an. All kinds of cover pattern raised the lowest and average temperature in every soil layer significantly. The temperature trend were as follows： double layers of felt ＋ plastic fi lm（DFF）double layer of felt（DF） = one layer of felt（OF）soil bury. OF was cheaper and easier to operate, which provided 0.91 ℃, 1.28 ℃, 1.69 ℃, 2.80 ℃ in 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 40 cm beneath the surface, while soil burried provided-2.95 ℃,-0.45 ℃, 0.66 ℃, 1.80 ℃, respectively. The relative humidity of 20 cm layer beneath the surface was 76.47% under the condition o f O F, which raised 2 3. 4 % compared with soil uried. Phenological phase of Cabernet Sauvignon was put off nearly a week under covered condition, however the germination rate and percentage of fruit setting changed non-signifi cant. It was revealed that, cover pattern could replace soil buried pattern in areas like Tai＇an,where the lowest temperature was no lower than-16 ℃ in winter.

关 键 词：葡萄 防寒 埋土 覆盖 温度 湿度 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]