不同危险分层老年高血压患者围手术期心血管事件风险分析  被引量:28

Risk analysis of cardiovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients with different risk stratification during the perioperative period

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作  者:张继如[1] 王志强[2] 季永[1] 钱红娣[1] 董楠[1] 

机构地区:[1]江南大学附属医院(无锡市第四人民医院)麻醉科,无锡214062 [2]江南大学附属医院(无锡市第四人民医院)胸外科,无锡214062

出  处:《中华医学杂志》2015年第28期2258-2263,共6页National Medical Journal of China

基  金:无锡市医院管理中心课题(YGZXY1307);无锡市科技发展指导性计划项目(CSZ00N1223)

摘  要:目的 研究不同危险分层老年高血压病患者在围手术期发生心血管事件的风险.方法 选择高血压非心脏手术老年患者126例,依次分为Ⅰ组(中危)、Ⅱ组(高危)、Ⅲ组(极高危),每组42例.随机选取无高血压病史和其他心血管危险因素的老年患者42例作为对照组.使用依托咪酯、丙泊酚、七氟烷、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵与芬太尼进行麻醉诱导和麻醉维持;分别利用超声心输出量监测仪(USCOM)动态监测心脏指数(CI)、左心室输出量(CO)、每搏心输出量(SV)、外周血管阻力(SVR)、峰值速度(Vpk)、心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP),采用动态心电图(DCG)监测手术前后心肌缺血和心律失常情况.结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别在术毕24 h内心肌缺血发生率(9.5%、31.0%、40.5%),缺血频率[(10.4±1.7)、(13.3±1.9)、(17.4±2.3)次],缺血时间[(116.4±9.7)、(174.3 ±19.8)、(212.4±20.5)分]和心律失常发生率(28.6%、52.4%、92.9%)差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患者术毕48 h内心肌缺血发生率(11.9%、21.4%、31.0%),缺血频率[(9.5±1.5)、(11.6±2.0)、(15.0±2.2)次],缺血时间[(98.5±9.4)、(158.3±16.7)、(198.0±18.1)分]和心律失常发生率(16.7%、45.2%、81.0%)差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 具有心血管高危因素的老年患者在围手术期发生心血管事件的风险明显增加,尤其在全麻插管前即刻和术后24 h对心血管功能抑制最明显,容易发生心肌缺血和心律失常等心血管事件.Objective To study the risks of cardiovascular events of elderly hypertensive patients with different risk stratification during the perioperative period.Methods 126 elderly hypertensive patients without cardiac surgery were selected and divided into following 3 groups:group Ⅰ (in danger),group Ⅱ (high-risk),group Ⅲ (very high-risk),each group with 42 cases.Control group was randomly selected 42 elderly patients without hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.Sevoflurane,Etomidate,Propofol,Cisatracurium Besilate for Injection,Fentanyl were used to induction and maintenance of anesthesia.Patients' cardiac index (CI),cardiac output (CO),stroke volume (SV),systemic vascular resistance(SVR),peak velocity(Vpk),heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP) were monitored by ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (ultrasonic cardiac output monitor,USCOM).Pre-and post-operative myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia were monitored by dynamic electrocardiogram (dynamic electrocardiography,DCG).Results Incidence myocardial(9.5%,31.0%,40.5%),ischemia frequency [(10.4 ± 1.7)time,13.3 ± 1.9)time,17.4 ±2.3)time],ischemic time [(116.4 ±9.7) min,(174.3 ± 19.8) min,(212.4 ± 20.5) min] and arrhythmias incidence(28.6%,52.4%,92.9%) were specially more significant for group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ patients within the postoperative 24 hours (P < 0.05).Comparison between group Ⅰ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅲ each other,myocardial ischemia incidence(11.9%,21.4%,31.0%),ischemia frequency [(9.5 ± 1.5) time,(11.6 ± 2.0) time,(15.0 ± 2.2) time],ischemic time[(98.5 ± 9.4) min,(158.3 ± 16.7) min,(198.0 ± 18.1) min] and arrhythmias incidence (16.7%,45.2%,81.0%) gradually increased for 3 groups within the postoperative 48 hours (P < 0.05).Conclusion Risk of cardiovascular events significantly increases for elderly patients with cardiovascular high-risk factors in the perioperation p

关 键 词:总心血管危险因素 心血管事件 围手术期 老年患者 

分 类 号:R614[医药卫生—麻醉学]

 

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