河套灌区春小麦节水高产农艺措施优化  

Optimized agronomic measures for water-saving and high-yielding of spring wheat in Hetao irrigation district

作　　者：李晓娟[1] 关雯雯[1] 张永平[1] 王立雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第4期134-140,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2011BAD29B03)

摘　　要：在前期研究确立的节水灌溉模式基础上,通过四因素五水平二次回归正交设计试验,以基本苗数、种肥磷量、追氮肥量和灌水量四项主要农艺措施为决策变量,以产量和水分利用效率为目标函数,分别建立了内蒙古河套灌区主要农艺措施与春小麦产量和水分利用效率的二次多项式回归模型。分析表明,四项农艺措施对产量影响大小顺序为播种密度〉种肥磷量〉施氮量〉灌水量;对水分利用效率的决定作用表现为灌水量〉播种密度〉施氮量〉种肥磷量。通过频数寻优,定量化地提出了河套灌区春小麦实现节水与高产统一的农艺措施优化组合方案,即基本苗数667.5～717.1万株·hm^-2,种肥磷量（P2O5）147.0～175.5 kg·hm^-2,拔节期追施氮量（纯N）164.5～186.6 kg·hm^-2,拔节期和抽穗期灌水定额分别为909.7～963.0 m3·hm^-2,可实现目标产量大于7 500kg·hm^-2,水分利用效率1.6 kg·m^-3以上。Based on quadratic regression orthogonal design of four factors method,This study established a quadratic polynomial regressionmodel for major agronomic practices of spring wheat in Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigation district.The results showed that effects of four agronomic measures on yield were in the order of sowing density amount of phosphorus fertilizer nitrogen rate irrigation quantity,and those on water use efficiency were irrigation quantity sowing density nitrogen rate amount of phosphorus fertilizer. The optimizing combination agronomic measures for spring wheat in Hetao irrigation district are proposed as follows： seedling density 6. 675 ～ 7. 171 × 104plants·hm^-2,phosphorus rate（ P2O5） 147.0 ～175.5 kg·hm^-2,nitrogen rate（ pure N） of jointing stage 164.5 ～186.6 kg·hm^-2,irrigation amount at jointing and heading stage 909. 7 ～ 963. 0 m3·hm^-2. Collectively,these combined measures can achieve the target yield of spring wheat over 7 500 kg·hm^-2and water use efficiency above 1. 6 kg·m^-3.

关 键 词：春小麦 农艺措施 河套灌区 节水高产 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]