改良吞咽功能评估配合安全进食指导在老年患者误吸中的研究  

Effect of modified swallowing test and safety eating guide in elderly patients with aspiration

作　　者：邹小芳[1] 黄美凌[1] 刘青[1] 杨帅[1] 易慧琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属第三医院内科,广东省广州市510150

出　　处：《实用老年医学》2015年第6期525-528,共4页Practical Geriatrics

基　　金：2014年度广东省医学科研基金立项课题(A2014318)

摘　　要：目的评价改良吞咽功能评估方法在老年患者误吸中的应用价值。方法对124例老年吞咽障碍患者进行床边吞水测试和吞糊测试,运用吞咽进食护理单、洼田饮水试验及评估标准和进食功能评估标准记录入院时和出院前测试结果;住院期间采取安全进食指导,记录发生误吸情况以及住院时间。结果入院时,通过床边吞水测试26例(21.0%),未通过床边吞水测试者98例(79.0%)改用吞糊测试,吞糊测试通过的患者在安全进食指导后误吸发生率明显下降。出院前通过吞水试验的患者为96例(77.4%),较入院时明显增多(P<0.01);留置胃管的患者明显减少,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年吞咽障碍患者进行改良吞咽测试方法评估,配合正确的安全进食指导,能改善患者吞咽功能,降低误吸率,降低留置胃管率,减少住院时间,使患者的生活质量得到提高。Objective To evaluate the value of modified swallowing test in elderly patients with aspiration. Methods Bedside swallowing water test and bedside swallowing paste test were conducted in 124 cases of patients with swallowing disorders. The swallowing food nursing form,kubota drinking water test and evaluation criteria and the feeding function evaluation standard were applied in patients when admitted to hospital and discharge from hospital. Safety eating guidance was gived in duation of hospitalization,and the frequency of aspiration was recorded. Results Twenty-six patients（ 21. 0%） passed bedside swallow water testing,98 patients（ 79. 0%） did not pass switching to swallow paste bedside testing,and the incidence of aspiration was dropped significantly in patients with swallow paste test and safe eating guidance was gived. When discharge from hospital,the patients passed swallowing water test was obviously increased and the cases of indwelling gastric tube was decreased significantly（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusions Appling modified swallowing test combined with safety eating guidance in elderly patients with aspiration can decrease the incidence of aspiration,the rate of indwelling gastric tube and the duation of hospital,improve patient＇s quality of life.

关 键 词：吞水测试 吞糊测试 老年人 吞咽障碍 误吸 进食指导 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]