FPXRF定量测定空气颗粒物中的重金属  

Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metal Elements in Air Particulates with Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer

作　　者：任茂强[1] 葛良全[1] 罗斌[1] 郭生良 张庆贤[1] 朱力[1] 李丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院,四川成都610059 [2]成都国辐科技有限公司,四川成都610052

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第4期28-33,39,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划"资源环境技术领域"课题(2012AA061803);国家自然科学基金项目(41474159);四川省教育厅一般项目(自然科学)(15ZB0075);四川省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(2015RZ0010)

摘　　要：提出采用螯合萃取法制备空气滤膜标样的方案，并制备了一批确定含量的不同梯度浓度的Mn、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb混合的空气滤膜标样对手持式荧光分析仪进行标定，再运用标定的手持式荧光分析仪对采样滤膜进行现场快速重金属元素定量测量，实时获取了大气颗粒物中重金属元素的质量浓度值，并对其中的异常值进行分析，探究不同时间段重金属元素浓度的变化趋势。结果表明：在29d的采样监测中，Mn质量浓度范围为0．48～9．18μg／m^3，Ni为1．15～3．06μg／m^3，Cu为0．38～5．23μg／m^3，Cd为0．06～6．31μg／m^3，Pb为2．52～8．64μg／m^3；经此空气滤膜标样标定的手持式x荧光分析仪能够对空气颗粒物中重金属的浓度进行现场测量，测量结果显示：空气颗粒物中重金属的浓度在夜间最大，这与晚问气温相对较低、不利于污染物扩散及城市空气中的汽车排放废气、空气污染都在傍晚达到较高点的实际情况较为相符，此外空气颗粒物中重金属的浓度也与天气和周围环境的联系较为紧密。This paper puts forward a chelate-extraction method for membranes and makes a batch of different concentration gradients making standard sample of air filter of Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb mixed standard sample of air filter membranes to field portable X-ray fluorescence （FPXRF） analyzer. And then,the paper applies the analyzer to fast-field measuring the contents of heavy metal elements in air filter membranes samples,obtains the mass concentration of heavy metal elements in air particulates and analyzes the irregu- lar values to explore the changing tendency of heavy metal elements in different time periods. The results indicate that during the sampling period of 29 days, the concentration of Mn element ranges from 0.48 to 9. 18 μg/m^3 , and Ni from 1.15 to 3.06 μg/m^3. At the same time,the concentration of Cu is from 0.38 to 5. 23 μg/m^3 , Cd from 0.06 to 6.31 μg/m^3 ,and Pb from 2.52 to 8.64μg/m^3. Thus,it can be concluded that the FPXRF analyzer can be used to conduct the on-the-spot analysis of the air particulates through the measurement. The measurement results areconsistent with the actual situation of nights with relatively low temperature,adverse pollutant diffusion conditions and the highest urban air vehicle emissions and air pol- lution. The results also indicate that the concerntration of heavy metal elements in air particulates are close- ly linked with the weather and the surrounding environment.

关 键 词：空气颗粒物 重金属 螯合萃取法 现场手持式X荧光分析仪 定量分析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]