水溶开采盐类矿产资源引发地下水环境问题的成因分析  

Genetic Analysis of the Groundwater Environmental Problems Caused by the Solution Mining of Salt Mineral Resources

作　　者：向柳[1] 陈植华[1] 龚星[1] 宫宝禄 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第4期56-62,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：盐类矿产资源的水溶开采过程容易发生卤水泄漏污染地下水,引发地表涌(突)水等环境问题。以我国中部某矿区(包括碱矿和芒硝矿两大开采区)为例,调查和研究了多次地表涌(突)水现象,获取了不同深度范围内地下水的水化学数据资料,并综合分析了矿区内盐矿开采过程中容易造成卤水外泄的薄弱技术环节以及可能污染的途径通道和来源。结果表明:研究区地下水受污染程度由深到浅逐渐变小,浅层地下水(埋深小于10m)基本未受到来自深层水的污染,仅涌水点周边存在局部污染的现象,泄漏的碱矿卤水和芒硝卤水均是污染源;生产井破损是碱矿卤水与芒硝卤水泄漏的重要原因,而溶腔失稳也是芒硝卤水泄漏的另一重要原因;由断层(NE—WS向)控制的主构造裂隙带和受鼻状构造控制的NW—SE向局部裂隙带可能分别是污染源进入矿区两个涌水范围(C庄一带和A镇一带)浅部含水层并且运移扩散的主要导水通道,而大量已废弃的封闭不良的石膏勘探孔是受污染的浅部地下水突涌地表的主要通道。Solution mining of salt mineral resources may contaminate groundwater and make it burst out of the surface easily because of the brine leaking. Taking a large salt mining area in the middle of China as an example,this paper investigates and researches the water bursting phenomenon. Firstly, the study attains groundwater hydrochemical data of different depth and analyzes the weak parts of mining technology, the possible pollution way and the source of pollution. The results indicate that the groundwater pollution level decreases gradually with depth in the study area, and the shallow groundwater is not polluted by the deep groundwater except when it is close to water bursting points. The pollution sources are brines of the alkali deposit and glauber salt mine. The brine leakage in the alkali deposit production area is mainly caused by the damage of production wells, while the brine leakage in the glauber salt mine production area is the dam- age of production wells and the dissolved cavity buckling. The main structure facture zone controlled by the fault in NE--WS direction and the local weak fissure zone in NW--SE direction controlled by the nosing structure are the main channels for the polluted groundwater flowing to the aquifer around the two water bursting regions,and a large number of waste gypsum exploration boreholes are the important channels that polluted groundwater burst out of the surface.

关 键 词：盐类矿床 卤水泄漏 地表涌(突)水 污染源 导水通道 水溶开采 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]