某钢管厂退役场地土壤重金属污染特征分析  

Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution Soil in the Retired Field of a Mechanical Processing Factory

作　　者：罗泽娇[1] 李冉[1] Mohammed A.S.Abdalla 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]巴赫立大学农学院土壤与水科学系

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第4期75-81,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：武汉市高新技术成果转化及产业化专项项目(2013060803010403)

摘　　要：选择武汉某钢管厂退役场地土壤为研究对象，通过采集场地土壤样品，测试了样品的pH值以及锌、铜、铅和镍等重金属元素含量，分析了重金属污染物在该区域土壤中的水平与垂直分布特征，查明了土壤受重金属污染的现状，并揭示了生产布局等污染源、地表特征和土层分布特征对土壤重金属污染的影响。结果表明：研究区域土壤主要受到铬、铜、铅、镍、锌的污染，但以电镀生产所产生的重金属污染最为严重，电镀锌引起的污染最为突出；重金属污染严重区域主要集中在镀锌炉烟囱、三废利用车间及废水处理车间，土壤中锌的最高浓度达23700mg／kg，超出湖北省土壤背景值最大值的83％；其他车间除靠近电镀区域的花坛内表层土壤受到一定程度的锌污染外，其余部位土壤受污染较少；土壤铬、铜、铅、镍的污染深度一般为0．2～0．4m，污染的最大深度达到1．2m；锌在大部分点位污染深度达到0．8m，有的甚至达到1．4m，主要局限在回填土层和原始沉积土层的表层，其污染物迁移到原始黏土层后，高浓度污染区域在黏土内垂向上迅速衰减，锌平均衰减量为14000mg／（kg·m）。该研究可为同类型场地土壤金属污染调查、修复提供参考依据。Using surface features and the soil layer distribution as indicators to examine the current situation of the polluted soil by heavy metals and to provide a scientific reference for the same field with the objective of suggesting a remedial technique, this paper selects a retired machinery factory at Wuhan City as an inves- tigation site to study its impact on the surrounding soil. The paper collects soil samples and determines pH and the concentrations of the heavy metals （Zn,Cu,Pb and Ni,etc. ） in soil,and then analyzes the horizon- tal and vertical distribution of pollutants and reveals the influence of pollution sources such as the produc- tion layout, surface characteristics and the distribution characteristics of soil layers on soil heavy metal pol- lution. The results show that the site is mainly polluted by Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni and Zn;the most serious pollution is produced by electroplating production and the most prominent pollution caused by electric galvanized. The most polluted areas are mainly concentrated in the galvanizing furnace chimney, waste utilization com- pany and wastewater treatment factory. The highest concentration of Zn in soil reaches 23 700 mg/kg which is beyond the maximum value of the reference of Hubei province at the rate of 83 %. In other work- shops, except the surface soil near the plating areas polluted to a certain degree by Zn, the rest parts are lesspolluted. The depth of the pollutants Cr,Cu,Pb and Ni is generally between 0.2 and 0.4 m,and the maxi- mum depth is 1.2 m. The pollution by Zn observed in many locations reached to the depth of 0.8 m to up to 1.4 m,and is mainly limited to the surface layer of backfill soil and the top of original sedimentary soil. When the pollutants migrate to the original clay layer, the polluted area of high concentration of reveals a rapid vertical decrease of Zn within the clayey soil,with an average decrease of 14 000 mg/（kg · m）.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属污染 锌污染 某钢管厂退役场地 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]