基于TOPSIS法的多属性危险化学品运输路径优化  

Route Optimization of Hazardous Chemicals Transportation with Multi-attributes Based on TOPSIS Method

作　　者：佘洋洋 鲁顺清[1] 王艳丽[1] 张义英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第4期114-118,共5页Safety and Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：危险化学品道路运输事故时有发生,由此造成的损失十分巨大,选择合适的运输路径可有效降低运输风险。利用有向网络图来表示交通运输网络,考虑运输路径的多属性,用事故率、运费、应急救援能力和暴露人数4个因素来描述路段属性,建立了多属性危险化学品运输路径优化模型,并通过设计遗传算法来求解该模型,进行路径优化选择。求解过程中采用TOPSIS法来计算路径的综合属性,同时将计算得到的综合属性值作为遗传算法运行过程中对应个体的适应值,并通过设计的遗传算法使算法在运行过程中选择压力由小变大,从而选择出最优路径。实例运行结果表明:当改变某路段的属性值时,会重新搜寻到最优路径,因此基于TOPSIS法建立的危险化学品运输路径优化模型具有较好的求优能力。Road transportation takes up a large portion in the transportation industry of hazardous chemicals. How- ever,accidents of hazardous chemicals transportation happen every year, which leads to huge loss. Selection of an appropriate route will reduce the risk of hazardous chemicals transportation. Considering the multi-attributes, this paper uses the directed network graph to stand for the transportation network and applies such four factors to de- scribing the attributes of each road as accident rate, cost, emergency response capacity and exposure population. Then the paper establishes a physical model for route optimization of hazardous chemicals transportation with multi-attributes and designs the Genetic Algorithm to solve the model. The study applies TOPSIS method to com- puting the synthesized attributes. At the same time, the paper regards the synthesized attribute value as the adaptive value during the process of Genetic algorithm and changes the selection pressure from low value to high value in the design of genetic algorithm to search the optimal path. The results show that the designed genetic algorithm can quickly find the optimal path,and when attributes of a road change,the algorithm will search new optimal path a gain,which shows that the model has a good optimization ability.

关 键 词：危险化学品 道路运输 路径优化 TOPSIS法 有向网络图 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]