基于可压缩流体的天然气管道泄漏量预测模型  

Prediction Model of Leakage Rate of Natural Gas Pipelines Based on Compressible Fluid

作　　者：王瀚霖[1] 黄卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学化学工程学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第4期136-141,共6页Safety and Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：为定量描述和预测天然气管道泄漏后果,根据可压缩流体动力学及热力学原理,建立了同时适用于绝热流动和等温流动的天然气管道泄漏量预测模型,并将所建新模型分别应用于管道发生完全破裂和部分破裂工况,可以得到实际工况下的泄漏量范围,同时将其分别与目前的Jo模型和大孔模型的预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:对于管道发生完全破裂工况,Jo模型仅考虑管内压降由摩擦导致,其预测的管道两端压降偏低,泄漏量偏大,而新模型既考虑了摩擦阻力产生的压降,又考虑了可压缩性对压力变化的影响,其预测结果更符合可压缩流体流动;对于管道发生部分破裂的工况,大孔模型低估了最大泄漏量,且大孔模型的预测结果与其设定的绝热流动工况出现矛盾,而新模型预测结果与设定工况一致,能够准确地预测到最危险泄漏情况。For the purpose of describing and predicting the leakage consequences of natural gas pipelines, this paper proposes a model based on the compressible fluid dynamics and thermodynamics to estimate the release rate for the leakage process of natural gas pipelines under the adiabatic and the isothermal condi- tions. With the new model,the paper estimates the range of the leakage rate under the condition of a full- bore rupture and the partially broken pipeline respectively. Also, the paper compares the proposed model with Jo model and the hole-pipe model. The results show that under the condition of a full-bore rupture,Jo model will cause the pressure drop along the pipeline to be under-evaluated and the leakage rate of natural gas to be over-evaluated since the pressure variation in Jo model is considered to be resulted only from the friction resistance, while in the new model, the additional effect of compressibility of fluid is taken into ac- count so that it gives more reasonable prediction results. In the case of the partially broken pipeline, the maximum release rate calculated by the hole pipe model will be under-estimated and its prediction results are not consistent with its precondition that the pipe flow is an adiabatic flow,while the prediction results of the new model agree well with the preconditions, so that the new model can predict the most dangerous situation more accurately.

关 键 词：天然气管道 泄漏量预测 可压缩流体管流 绝热流动 等温流动 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]