果麦间作麦田主要杂草种类及群落特征  

Species Composition and Characterization of Wheat Weed Community in Fruit Tree- wheat intercropping

作　　者：李广阔[1] 高海峰[1] 白微微[1] 高永红[2] 张宏芝[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第6期1112-1118,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2012211A098)

摘　　要：【目的】明确当前新疆南疆地区麦田、核桃-小麦间作麦田和红枣-小麦间作麦田主要杂草种类及群落结构特征。【方法】采用棋盘法9点取样,对核桃-小麦间作麦田、红枣-小麦间作麦田及单作麦田杂草进行系统的调查。【结果】南疆喀什、和田等地麦田主要杂草有37种,隶属于12科、31属。优势杂草播娘蒿、藜、萹蓄和硬草在不同间作模式下危害程度基本一致;离蕊芥、田旋花、大蓟和雀麦等区域性优势杂草在核桃-小麦间作麦田和红枣-小麦间作麦田的危害重于小麦单作田;常见杂草和一般性杂草的危害程度差异较小。杂草群落结构多样性指数表现为核桃-小麦间作麦田>红枣-小麦间作麦田>小麦单作田。【结论】新疆南疆地区核桃-小麦间作麦田和红枣-小麦间作麦田主要杂草有37种,隶属于12科31属。核桃-小麦间作麦田和红枣-小麦间作麦田杂草群落的多样性明显增加。与单作麦田比较,两种间作模式下单一杂草的危害降低,优势杂草、常见杂草与一般性杂草的发生危害程度差异较少,但区域性优势杂草差异较大。【Objective】In order to determine the weed species and community characteristics of walnut-wheat intercropping and jujube- wheat intercropping in southern Xinjiang province,the weeds of winter wheat fields were investigated. 【Method】The weeds of walnut- wheat intercropping and jujube- wheat intercropping were investigated using the method of checkerboard with 9 sampling points.【Result】The results showed that 37 weed species belonged to 31 genera of 12 families in southern Xinjiang province. 4 species were dominant weeds of different intercropping modes,including Descurainia sophia,Chenopodium album,Polygonum aviculare and Sclerochloa kengiana. 4 species were regional dominant weed of walnut- wheat intercropping,jujube- wheat intercropping and wheat monocropping,including Malcolmia africana,Convolvulus arvensis,Cephalanoplos setosum and Bromus japonicus. The harm of dominant weed species,common weed species and normal weed species of different intercropping modes were basically consistent. The regional dominant weed species ofwalnut- wheat intercropping and jujube- wheat intercropping was more harm than wheat monocropping. The diversity index of weeds community as follows： walnut- wheat intercropping jujube- wheat intercropping wheat monocropping.【Conclusion】37 weed species belonged to 31 genera of 12 families in southern Xinjiang Province. The harm of a single weed of walnut- wheat intercropping and jujube- wheat intercropping was reduced and diversity of weeds community was improved.

关 键 词：核桃-小麦间作 红枣-小麦间作 杂草群落特征 群落多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]