短期休牧对昭苏草甸草原地下生物量及其分布特征的影响  

Influence of Short-term Grazing Exclusion on Underground Biomass and Distribution of Meadow Steppe in Zhaosu

作　　者：孙宗玖[1] 张鲜花[1] 郑伟[1] 靳瑰丽[1] 朱进忠[1] 古伟容[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第6期1119-1125,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903060);新疆高校科研计划(XJEDU2011I18);国家自然科学基金(31260574)

摘　　要：【目的】研究短期休牧对昭苏草甸草原地下生物量的影响。【方法】在不同放牧强度（0.38、0.64和0.90头牛/hm2）下设置了3个休牧期（6-7月、7-8月、8-9月）,采用挖掘法测定地下生物量。【结果】短期放牧条件下,放牧强度及休牧对草地地下生物量影响不显著（P〉0.05）,0-30cm土层地下生物量介于763.33-2 123.08 g/m2;同一放牧强度不同休牧期间0-10 cm、10-20 cm及20-30 cm土层地下生物量差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但轻度放牧及中度放牧在6-7月或8-9月休牧、重度放牧在8-9月休牧有利于草地地下生物量的积累;随土层深度的增加,地下生物量逐渐减少,且0-10 cm地下生物量占0-30 cm地下生物量总重的69%以上。【结论】短期放牧条件下,休牧及放牧强度对草甸草原地下生物量的影响不显著。【Objective】The purpose of this project is to study the influence of short- term grazing exclusion on underground biomass in Zhaosu meadow steppe.【Method】Three grazing exclusion periods（ from June to July,from July to August and from August to September） were set for different grazing intensities（ 0. 38 cattle / hm2,0. 64 cattle / hm2 and 0. 90 cattle / hm2）,and underground biomass was sampled by digging method.【Result】There was no significant difference in underground biomass between grazing and grazing exclusion or among different grazing intensities during the short- term grazing exclusion period（ P〈0. 05）,and the underground biomass of 0- 30 cm was from 763. 33 g / m2 to 2 123. 08 g / m2. The underground biomass of 0- 10 cm,10- 20 cm and 20- 30 cm was not significantly different at the same grazing intensity（ P〈0. 05）,but it was beneficial to accumulate underground biomass at delay grazing period from June to July or from August to September for the light grazing and moderate grazing,and for the heavy grazing from August to September. The underground biomass was decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the proportion of 0- 10 cm underground biomass in 0- 30 cm was beyond 69%【Conclusion】Under the short- term grazing exclusion condition,the influences of grazing intensities such as grazing or grazing exclusion exerted little difference in under-ground biomass of meadow steppe.

关 键 词：放牧强度 短期休牧 地下生物量 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]