基于GIS的龙墩水库典型小流域面源污染氮磷负荷研究  

Research on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Load of Non-Point Source Pollution of Longdun Reservoir,a Typical Small Watershed Based on GIS

作　　者：陈玉东[1] 陈梅[1] 张龙江[1] 周慧平[1] 张卫东[1,2] 石先罗 高恒娟 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2015年第4期492-499,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201309035);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2014)

摘　　要：以南京市高淳区龙墩水库流域为研究对象,运用地理信息系统(GIS)和通用土壤流失方程模型(USLE)预测氮磷的污染负荷。利用SWAT模型的子流域划分模块进行流域分区,运用等标污染负荷和等标污染强度进行面源污染评价,最后通过聚类分析完成氮磷污染负荷的分级,从而确定关键源区。结果表明,研究区总磷(TP)污染强度为4.95 t·km-2,污染负荷为124.25 t;总氮(TN)污染强度为10.96 t·km-2,污染负荷为274.87 t。整个流域的等标污染负荷为2.76×109m3,其中TN为2.75×108m3,等标污染负荷比为9.96%;TP为2.48×109m3,等标污染负荷比为90.04%,TP为流域面源污染的主要污染物。不同土地利用方式的TP和TN污染负荷和流失模数均以旱地为最高,旱地是流域内面源污染物的主要来源。Longdun Reservoir watershed was chosen as a case for study to predict nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load using GIS（ geographic information systems） and USLE（ universal soil loss equation）. The watershed was divided into subwatersheds using the subwatershed division module of SWAT model. And the non-point source pollution of the subwatersheds were evaluated,using the indices of equal-standard pollution load and equal-standard pollution intensity. In the end,nitrogen and phosphorous pollution loads were graded through cluster analysis and critical source regions were defined. Results of the study show that in the studied watershed,the pollution load and intensity of total phosphorus（ TP） is124. 25 t and 4. 95 t·km^- 2,respectively; and the pollution load and intensity of total nitrogen（ TN） is 274. 87 t and10. 96 t·km^- 2,respectively. The equal-standard pollution load of the whole watershed is 2. 76 × 10^9m^3,of which 2. 75× 10^8m^3 is equal-standard TN pollution load accounting for 9. 96% and 2. 48 × 10^9m^3,is equal-standard TP pollution load,accounting for 90. 04%,indicating that TP is the dominant non-point source pollutant of the watershed. TN and TP pollution loads and pollution load per unit area varies with type of land use. Upland is the highest in both and hence the major source of the non-point source pollution in the Longdun Reservoir watershed.

关 键 词：面源污染 USLE模型 等标污染负荷 等标污染强度 聚类分析 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]