从诏令看北宋时期君主的“畏天”之德  

A Study on Weitian of Emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Zhaoling

作　　者：徐红[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学人文学院

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2015年第4期63-70,共8页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目"道德与秩序--宋代诏令文本的历史学解读"(12YJAZH169)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：由于北宋特殊的政治环境,"畏天"成为君德的重要内容,其核心意义是敬慎。"畏天"在诏令中的使用语境,包括新皇即位、发生灾异、群臣上尊号三种,一方面表现出对天的敬畏之意,一方面表达了建立在天命基础上的皇位合法性诉求。"畏天"也是北宋士大夫对君主德行的期望。他们通过上书、撰写专门论证文章的形式,阐发"畏天"是约束君主的手段之一,以此说明君主的"畏天"之德不仅仅只是道德领域的事,还具备了政治上的重要作用。既能表明其为君之合法性,又能教化百姓,有利于形成修德、立身、听命的社会之风,稳定其统治。Due to the specific political environment in the Northern Song Dynasty,weitian 畏天（ to fear Heaven） became an integral part of the morality of emperors,the core of which was to show respect for and awe of Heaven. Weitian was used in zhaoling 诏令（ imperial edicts） when a new monarch ascended the throne,natural calamities and unusual astronomical phenomena occurred,or ministers presented an imperial honorific title to the monarch. On the one hand,weitian demonstrates the awe of Heaven,and on the other,it justifies the legitimacy of kingship based on the mandate of Heaven. It also reflects expectations which scholar-officials at that time had of their rulers in terms of morality. They elucidated weitian as a means to regulate emperors＇ behaviors through sending memorials or writing articles devoted to discussing it. In their point of view,weitian is not only something concerning the morality of monarchs,but also of great political significance. It can attest the legitimacy of kingship,as well as educate the common people to cultivate their moral characters,regulate their conducts in society and obey orders from the government,thus stabilizing the reign of emperors.

关 键 词：北宋 畏天 敬慎 君德 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]