一次江淮强暴雨过程的湿有效能量及其收支特征  

Characteristics of moist available energy and its budget in a heavy rain process over Changjiang-Huaihe River basin

作　　者：马旭林[1] 孙丽娜[1,2] 姜胜[1] 于月明[1] 官元红[3] 

机构地区：[1]气象灾害教育部重点实验室(南京信息工程大学),江苏南京210044 [2]山东省泰安市气象局,山东泰安271001 [3]南京信息工程大学数学与统计学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2015年第3期289-298,共10页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41275111;41105057);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506005)

摘　　要：利用高分辨率的WRF模式模拟结果,采用基于格点的湿有效能量计算方案,对一次江淮梅雨期强暴雨发生发展过程中湿有效能量的时空演变特征进行分析,并从定性和定量的角度探讨了能量方程转换项、平流项和垂直输送项对强暴雨过程中湿有效能量的输送和积聚作用。结果表明,强暴雨过程中湿有效能量的时空特征与强暴雨发生发展具有良好的对应关系,对流层低层800 hPa湿有效能量40×10^4J·hPa^-1·m^-2的等值线范围和该等值线伸展至500 hPa附近可作为判断强暴雨发生的必要条件。暴雨发生前2-3 h的能量快速积聚及其对暴雨区移向的引导,对强暴雨预报具有良好的指示作用。湿有效能量的水平和垂直输送及转换确保了能量的积聚和对流层中层能量的增加,为强暴雨的发生和维持提供了充足的能量。Using the high resolution simulations of WRF model and the calculation scheme of grid-based moist available energy,this paper analyzes the space-time evolution characteristics of moist available energy in the occurrence and development processes of a strong rainfall weather during the Jianghuai Meiyu period,and qualitatively and quantitatively discusses the interaction mechanism of the transition term,the advection term and the vertical transport term in the energy equation from the energy budget balance. Results showthat,in the strong rainfall process,the space-time characteristics of moist available energy have good corresponding relations with the occurrence and development of heavy rain. The range of 40 × 10^4J·hPa^- 1·m^- 2contour of 800 hPa moist available energy in the lower troposphere and the contour extending to near 500 hPa can be used as necessary conditions for the heavy rainfall occurrence. The rapid energy accumulation at 2—3 h before heavy rain and its impact on the moving direction of rainfall areas have a good indicative function to rainstorm forecast. The horizontal and vertical transport and transition of moist available energy ensure the energy accumulation and the energy increase in the middle tropo-sphere,which provide sufficient energy for the occurrence and maintenance of heavy rain.

关 键 词：湿有效能量 能量收支 暴雨 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]