不同人工湿地系统中植物的生长特征及净化能力差异  

Plant growth characteristics and purification capacity in different constructed wetland system

作　　者：苏北[1,2] 徐德福[1,2] 魏驰原 田浩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学 大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学 江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期247-253,共7页Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：江苏省高等学校大学生实践创新训练计划(N1885013076);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20141477);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金;国家自然科学基金(40901257)

摘　　要：以美人蕉、芦苇、香蒲、黄色鸢尾、水菖蒲、茭白为供试植物,以河沙和青砂为供试基质,通过模拟不同的人工湿地系统研究了植物生长特征及其人工湿地净化能力的变化.结果表明:与河沙处理相比,河沙+蚯蚓处理和河沙+青砂+蚯蚓处理中美人蕉的株高分别增加了42%和47%,叶长分别增加了36%和49%,株径分别增加了28%和20%;同样地,黄花鸢尾的株高分别增加了33%和23%,叶长分别增加了39%和29%,且水菖蒲的株高分别增加了53%和32%.与河沙处理相比,河沙+蚯蚓处理,河沙+青砂+蚯蚓处理中水菖蒲的SPAD值分别增加了20%和30%,黄花鸢尾的SPAD值分别增加了59%和65%,美人蕉的SPAD值分别增加了18%和11%.与对照人工湿地(CK)相比,人工湿地Ⅰ(河沙+植物)、人工湿地Ⅱ(河沙+植物+蚯蚓)和人工湿地Ⅲ(河沙+青砂+植物+蚯蚓)对COD的去除率分别增加了20%,24%和26%,对TP的去除率分别增加了14%,15%和19%,对NH4-N的去除率分别增加了17%,23%和21%,对TN的去除率分别增加了5%,15%和12%.人工湿地Ⅱ中茭白、芦苇、水菖蒲和黄花鸢尾的密度高于人工湿地Ⅲ.粒径较小的河沙有利于植物的生长和氮的去除,而粒径较大的青砂对磷有较高的去除率.The growth characteristics and purification capacity of wetland plants in different constructed wetlands was studied by simulating different wetland system with six tested wetland plants （ Canna indica, Phragmites Austra- lis ,Typha angustifolia, Iris pseudacorus L., Acorus calamus L. and Zizania caduciflora） and two substrates （sand and green sand）.Results show that earthworms in the constructed wetland can promote the growth of plants.Compared with plants in sand substrate, plants in treatment of sand plus earthworm or sand plus green sand and earth- worms grow better in terms of plant height, leaf length, and plant diameter, especially for plant Canna indiea, Iris pseudacorus L. ,and Acorus calamus L..The chlorophyll content, measured by term SPAD（ Soil and Plant Analyzer Development） is also improved by earthworm.The adding of substrate（ sand or green sand） combined with plant and earthworm increases the purification capacity of the simulated wetland, in terms of removal efficiency of COD, TP, NH4-N, and TN.Sand of mall particle size is beneficial to plant growth as well as nitrogen removal, while green sand with relatively large particle size has higher capacity to remove phosphorus.

关 键 词：人工湿地系统 基质 水生植物 生长 SPAD值 净化能力 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]