纳米技术转化医学发展现状及前景展望  

Current status and prospect of translational medicine in nanotechnology

作　　者：高广宇[1] 陈美玲[1] 李明媛[1] 杨臻博[1] 李志平[1] 梅兴国[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《药学学报》2015年第8期919-924,共6页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

摘　　要：本文对生物医药纳米技术的发展现状与前景进行了综述和展望。随着纳米科技的发展,纳米技术在医学检验诊断、药物递送、基因治疗以及生物修复等生物医药领域显示出广阔的应用前景。但近些年来,由于主流观点对生物纳米材料的安全性存在争议与误解,纳米材料被贴上了有毒的标签。再加上制备工艺方面存在控制难、重现性差和放大效应强等技术壁垒,导致纳米技术在转化医学领域的成果寥寥无几。最近,随着"纳米毒性源于物理损伤"新学说的诞生,生物可降解性和生物相容性被列为纳米材料安全应用的基本原则,使纳米毒性逐渐被正视;同时,将基于分子水平的科学设计与过程工程学的精密控制相结合,有望攻克生物纳米材料制备的核心技术,从而打开纳米技术转化医学的新局面。Nowadays, nanotechnologies have shown wide application foreground in the biomedical field of medicine laboratory tests, drug delivery, gene therapy and bioremediation. However, in recent years, nanomaterials have been labeled poisonous, because of the disputes and misunderstandings of mainstream views on their safety. Besides, for the barriers of technical issues in preparation like：① low efficacy （poor PK ＆ PD and low drug loading）, ② high cost （irreproducibility and difficulty in scale up）, little of that research has been successfully translated into commercial products. Currently, along with the new theory of ＂physical damage is the origin of nanotoxicity＂, biodegradability and biocompatibility of nanomaterials are listed as the basic principle of safe application of nanomaterials. Combining scientific design based on molecular level with precision control of process engineering will provide a new strategy to overcome the core technical challenges. New turning point of translational medicine in nanotechnology may emerge.

关 键 词：纳米技术 生物医药 纳米毒性 转化医学 

分 类 号：R943[医药卫生—药剂学]