两湖泊轮虫群落结构的时空动态对水体氮磷含量及“下行效应”的响应  被引量:6

Responses of the spatio-temporal dynamics of rotifer community structure to the concentrations of N and P,and the effect of top-down in two lakes

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作  者:谢萍[1] 席贻龙[1] 温新利[1] 周俊[1] 李瑶[1] 牛翔翔 王爱民[1] 王金霞[1] 

机构地区:[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,重要生物资源的保护和利用安徽省重点实验室,芜湖241000

出  处:《生态学报》2015年第14期4763-4776,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(31170395);安徽省自然自然科学基金项目(1208085QC59)

摘  要:为探讨氮和磷、"上行效应"和"下行效应"在轮虫群落结构时空变动调控中的相对重要性,于2011年7月至2012年6月每月两次采集了芜湖市九莲塘和汀棠湖中的轮虫样品,利用相关分析法和典范对应分析法(CCA)分析了轮虫群落结构的时空变动与水体理化因子及其潜在捕食者密度间的关系。卡尔森营养状态指数表明,两湖均处在富营养化初期。除了总氮和硝态氮的年均浓度、晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna)和剑水蚤(Cyclopoidea)无节幼体的年均密度存在显著差异外(P<0.05),两湖泊的其他水环境因子间并未表现出明显的差异(P>0.05)。实验室鉴定发现九莲塘中共有轮虫48种,隶属于15科21属;汀棠湖中共有轮虫55种,隶属于15科24属。两湖泊中,疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta)、臂尾轮虫(Brachionus)和异尾轮虫(Trichocerca)均是主要轮虫类群,而密度优势种分别有7种和4种。相关分析结果显示,P含量与九莲塘轮虫群落的均匀度和物种多样性指数间均呈现显著的负相关(P<0.05),而N含量却与汀棠湖轮虫群落的物种多样性指数呈现显著的正相关(P<0.05);两湖泊中的轮虫物种多样性指数均与水体中的TN∶TP(质量比)间呈现显著的正相关(P<0.05)。CCA分析结果显示,九莲塘中桡足类和其无节幼体密度显著高于其他采样批次时的轮虫群落聚成Ⅰ类,汀棠湖中晶囊轮虫密度显著高于其他批次时的轮虫群落聚成Ⅱ类,而其他的轮虫潜在捕食者密度很低或未出现时的轮虫群落聚成Ⅲ类。研究结果表明,湖泊中的TN∶TP(质量比)可能是反映N和P含量对轮虫群落物种多样性影响程度的较为合适的指标。当水体中的轮虫潜在捕食者密度较高时,两湖泊轮虫群落结构的变动均主要取决于"下行效应";而当轮虫潜在捕食者密度很低时,"上行效应"可能是调控两湖泊轮虫群落结构变动的主要因素。The view of relative importance of the roles of N and P concentrations, and the effects of ' bottom-up' and ' topdown' in regulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of rotifer community structure has been debated. In order to investigate their relative importance in controlling rotifer community structure in subtropical shallow lakes, the rotifers in two subtropical lakes, Lake Jiuliantang and Lake Tingtang located in Wuhu city, Anhui Province, were collected twice monthly from July 2011 to June 2012, and the relationships between the species richness, species diversity as well as evenness index of rotifer community in each lake, and the concentrations of N and P, as well as the densities of potential predators of rotifers were analyzed, respectively. Carlson trophic state index of Lake Jiuliantang and Lake Tingtang was 60.77 and 62.21, respectively, and both lakes could be characterized as slightly eutrophic. In all the environmental factors, only the annual average concentrations of TN and NO3^-, and the annual average densities of the rotifer Asplanchna, the Cyclopoidea and its nauplius were significantly different between the two lakes (P〈0.05). A total of 48 rotifer species belonging to 15 families and 21 genera in Lake Jiuliantang, and 55 rotifer species belonging to 15 families and 24 genera in Lake Tingtang were identified, of which Synchaeta, Brachionus and Trichocerca accounted for the most proportion of the rotifer species numbers in both lakes. The dominant species in density contained 7 species and 4 species in Lake Jiuliantang and Lake Tingtang, respectively. In Lake Jiuliantang, the densities of Cyclopoidea and its nauplius were higher in July, August, early September, November 2011 and April 2012 than in the other months (P〈 0.05 ). In Lake Tingtang, the densities of Asplanchna were higher in July, August, September, November 2011 and May 2012 than in the other months (P〈0.05). The analysis of Pearson moment correlation showed the P concentration was negatively correlated wi

关 键 词:轮虫 群落结构 时空变动 氮磷含量 “下行效应” 

分 类 号:Q958.8[生物学—动物学]

 

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