大兴安岭南部草甸计划烧除的防火效果评估  

Evaluation of Fire Prevention Effect of Planned Burning of Meadow in Southern Daxing'anling

作　　者：高仲亮[1,2] 李岩泉 张明远[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [2]西南林业大学土木工程学院,云南昆明650224 [3]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091 [4]国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2015年第8期19-21,共3页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201204507);国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2011BAD32B05)

摘　　要：可燃物是火灾燃烧的物质基础,草甸枯死的杂草极易引起火灾。计划烧除方式可人为干预减少可燃物载量,改变可燃物立体结构,切断可燃物的连续分布,达到预防、减少高强度火灾的目的。选取大兴安岭南部草甸进行计划烧除实验,分析计划烧除前后的可燃物载量、含水率、高度、厚度,评价计划烧除的烧除率、花脸率、清除率,以及计划烧除的火行为。结果表明,草甸开展计划烧除能够取得良好的防火效果,可燃物平均清除率达77.63%、平均高度下降81.21%、平均厚度下降66.28%、平均花脸率为17.16%;可燃物载量高、含水率低、平均高度都能提升火焰高度,增加火线强度。Combustible material is material base of fire and dead grass in the meadow can easily cause fire. Planned burning may involve artificial intervention to decrease the volume of combustible material, change stereo-structure of combustible material and cut off the continuous distribution to achieving the purpose of preventing and reducing high-intensity fires. With the meadow in southern Daxing＇ anling selected for experiments, the volume, moisture, height and thickness of combustible material before and after burning are analyzed , the burning rate, painted-face rate, clearance rate and the fire behavior of planned burning are evaluated. The result shows that planned burning of the meadow can realize a good fire prevention effect, with average clearance rate of combustible material reaching 77.63%, average height falling by 81.21%, average thickness by 66.28%, average painted face rate by 17.16%. Combustible material has large volume, low moisture rate, with average height able to increase flame height, thereby increasing fireline intensity.

关 键 词：可燃物 草甸 计划烧除 载量 火行为 

分 类 号：S762.3[农业科学—森林保护学]