论湖南水稻育种的主攻方向和技术策略  

Key Targets and Technical Strategy for Rice Breeding in Hunan Province

作　　者：肖国樱[1] 陈芬[1] 孟秋成[1] 周浩[1] 李锦江[1] 于江辉[1] 邓力华[1] 翁绿水[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2015年第4期1-5,8,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-N-01)

摘　　要：当前中国水稻产业处在转型期,转型的方向是经营规模化、农民专业化、服务社会化、全程机械化、栽培轻简化。为了适应这种转变,湖南水稻育种应重点开展如下5个方面的工作:(1)主攻早、中熟期的双季稻育种,以适应双季稻面积和直播栽培面积扩大对短熟期品种的需求;(2)培育低镉、高直链淀粉含量的双季稻品种,以提高稻米健康品质;(3)培育苗期耐5℃低温的早稻和开花期耐17℃低温的晚稻,以防止倒春寒、寒露风对直播双季稻的危害;(4)利用粳稻和爪哇稻资源以及非典型亚种间杂种优势,以提高双季稻产量潜力;(5)重点储备抗螟虫、抗除草剂的转基因水稻技术,以迎接转基因水稻时代的到来。Currently,rice industry is in the transforming stage in China with its goals of scale business,professional farming,socialized service,mechanized production and simplified cultivation. In order to adapt to this transformation,the following five key targets should be focused on rice breeding in Hunan Province. 1） Breeding of doublecropping rice varieties with early to middle maturity to meet the increasing demand of early-maturing rice varieties as a result of the expansion of direct seeding cultivation in the double-cropping rice system. 2） Breeding of rice varieties with low cadmium accumulation and high amylose content to improve the healthy quality of rice; 3） Breeding of early rice varieties with tolerance to 5℃ low temperature in seedling stage and late rice varieties with tolerance to17℃ low temperature in flowering stage to keep the direct-seeding double-cropping rice away from the chilling injury of late spring cold and cold dew wind in the autumn. 4） Making use of genetic resources of japonica and javanica rice in the utilization of atypical inter-subspecific rice heterosis to raise the yield potential of double-cropping rice.5） Making a good preparation of technical reserve in the transgenic rice with resistance to stem borer and herbicide to welcome the advent of transgenic rice era.

关 键 词：双季稻 低镉 高直链淀粉含量 耐冷 亚种间杂种优势 转基因水稻 

分 类 号：S511.03[农业科学—作物学] S334