黑龙江省尼尔基库区的清代达斡尔人骨  

A Study of the Daur Human Remains of Qing Dynasty from Nierji Reservoir Area, Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：张全超[1,2] 孙志超[1,2] 张群[1,2] 赵永军[3] 朱泓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,长春130012 [2]体质人类学与分子考古学国家文物局重点科研基地,长春130012 [3]黑龙江省文物考古研究所,哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《人类学学报》2015年第3期367-376,共10页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD182);国家社科基金重大委托项目子课题"蒙古族源问题的体质人类学与分子考古学研究";国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1210007)

摘　　要：2002年至2004年,为配合尼尔基水库的建设,黑龙江省文物考古研究所在库区内发掘了团结、全发、铁古拉三处清代达斡尔人墓葬,为研究清代嫩江流域少数民族的生活习俗、生产经济状况、社会历史等提供了重要的实物依据。本文对三处墓葬所出土的6例(男性4例,女性2例)清代达斡尔人颅骨进行体质人类学研究。该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的北亚人种范围,同时又与现代亚洲蒙古人种东亚类型存在着若干相似之处。在若干古代对比组中,该组达斡尔人颅骨的形态特征与山嘴子组和萧氏后族组所代表的辽代契丹人体质特征最为接近,对于研究达斡尔族族源具有一定的参考价值。To protect the relics in the Nierji Reservoir area, the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Archaeology excavated three cemeteries of the Daur, namely the Quanfa（2002-NQ）, the Tuanjie（2002-NT） and the Tiegula（2004-NT） and found some human skulls. In this paper, 6 ancient human skulls （4 male, 2 female） unearthed from the Nierji Reservoir were studied. Due to the striking similarities of the three cemeteries, we can regard the cranias from these cemeteries as one human group to conduct anthropometrical research. According to the culture relics information, such as epigraphs, we guess that the cemeteries belong to the Qing Dynasty. According to the result,we can guess that the Daur cranias are the most similar to the North Asiatic Mongoloids group, and there are also some characteristics that resembles the Eastern Asiatic Mongoloids in anthropology. The morphological features of the Duar group crania show that they have close relationships with the ancient Khitan population in physical characteristics, and thus provide some important materials in studying the origin of the Daur people.

关 键 词：尼尔基水库 达斡尔 颅骨 

分 类 号：Q983.3[生物学—人类学]