单层刺网不同网目渔获组成——以上海青草沙水库为例  

Catch composition of monofilament gillnet netting with different mesh sizes in Qingcaosha Reservoir,Shanghai,China

作　　者：李亚雷[1] 吴昊[1,2] 刘其根[1] 陈立侨[3] 胡忠军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [3]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第8期2518-2524,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：上海市科委重大专项(09dz1200100);上海高校知识服务平台上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心项目(ZF1206)资助

摘　　要：2010—2012年采用刺网(多网目单层刺网和单网目三层刺网)、电捕、底拖网和地笼对上海青草沙水库的鱼类多样性进行了调查.调查共采集到鱼类34种,隶属8目、12科,其中鲤形目鱼类物种数最多(19种)、鲈形目次之(6种).多网目单层刺网仅采集到鱼类19种,其中刀鲚为优势种.聚类分析表明,单层刺网网目规格对渔获物物种组成影响较为显著,网目为2 cm的网片的渔获物优势种为刀鲚和贝氏,其他网目网片优势种为刀鲚.渔获物物种数和单位努力捕获数量均有随着网目规格增大而下降的趋势.网目规格对优势种刀鲚的体长分布影响显著,且随着网目规格的增加而增大.为更加科学合理地评估某水域的鱼类群落多样性,需要结合多种采样方法进行鱼类调查.During 2010 to 2012,fish diversity in Qingcaosha Reservoir was studied based on gillnets（ multi-mesh monofilament gillnets and single-mesh trammel gillnets）,electric fishing,bottom trawl and cage. The investigation collected a total of 34 fish species,belonging to 8 orders,12 families. Cypriniformes contained the largest number of species（ 19 species） in the collection,followed by Perciformes（ 6 species）. Multi-mesh monofilament gillnets sampled 19 fish species,of which Coilia nasus was the dominant species. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that mesh size of monofilament gillnets had significant influence on the composition of catches： C. nasus and Hemiculter bleekeri were the dominant species of catches of gillnet netting with mesh size of 2 cm,while C. nasus was the dominant species of catches of the nettings with mesh sizes larger than 2 cm. Species numbers and the catch per unit of effort（ CPUE） had a decreasing tendency with the increasing mesh size. Mesh size also had significant effects on the total length distribution of the dominant species C. nasus,which increased with the increasing mesh size. The results suggested that a combination of several gears was required to reliably estimate fish diversity of standing waters.

关 键 词：鱼类 网目规格 物种组成 体长分布 刀鲚 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源] S974.6[农业科学—水产科学]