基于红外相机技术调查神农架旅游公路对兽类活动的影响  

Effect of tourist roads on mammal activity in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve based on the trap technique of infrared cameras

作　　者：李佳[1] 丛静[1,2] 刘晓[1] 周芸芸[1,3] 王秀磊[1] 李广良[1] 李迪强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所/国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083 [3]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第8期2195-2200,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：自然保护区生物标本资源共享子平台项目(2005DKA21404)资助

摘　　要：2010年8—9月和2011年3—9月,利用36台红外相机监测湖北神农架国家级自然保护区旅游公路对兽类活动的影响。红外相机共拍摄到有效独立照片432张,鉴定为20个兽类物种,隶属5目12科。在距离旅游公路0~300和300~600 m两区间,红外相机拍摄率发生显著性变化,拍摄率由17.52%增加到26.89%,表明兽类对公路具有一定的回避效应;旅游公路对4种有蹄类动物的昼夜活动分布影响不同,对斑羚和毛冠鹿的昼夜活动分布影响较大,而对梅花鹿和野猪的昼夜活动分布无明显影响。建议神农架保护区应该全面调查旅游公路对野生动物的影响。From August to September in 2010 and March to September in 2011, 36 infrared cam- eras were installed for monitoring the effect of tourist roads on mammal activities in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve of Hubei Province. In this study, 432 independent photos were collected and 20 mammal species were identified. The identified species belonged to 12 families and 5 or- ders. At distances of 0-300 and 300-600 m from the tourist roads, the frequencies of mammal activity captured by infrared cameras changed significantly, increasing from 17.25% to 26.89%, showing that the mammals had certain avoidance to the tourist roads. The daily activity and distri- bution zones of four ungulate species showed different responses to the tourist roads. The diurnal activities of the tufted deer （Elaphodus cephalophus ） and the goral （Naemorhedus goral ） changed significantly with their proximity to the tourist roads; however, the tourist roads had no effect on sika deer （Cervus nippon） or wild boar （Sus scrofa）. We suggest that additional com- prehensive surveys and monitoring are necessary to better understand the effect of tourist roads on wildlife.

关 键 词：拍摄率 道路干扰 兽类 活动分布 神农架国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]