模拟降雨条件下典型土壤的可蚀性与养分流失特征  

Soil erosion and available nutrient losses from two typical soils under simulated rainfall conditions

作　　者：马广玉[1] 李嘉薇[1] 方青青[1] 姜宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第8期2267-2273,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91125015)资助

摘　　要：选取中国北方地区典型的沙土和壤土,基于8场人工模拟降雨实验,研究不同坡度(10°和20°)、不同雨强(60和120 mm·h-1)土壤可蚀性对速效氮(AN)及速效磷(AP)流失的影响。结果表明:壤土的土壤可蚀性大于沙土,较大的土壤可蚀性导致产流、产沙、AN及AP流失;产流速率和产沙速率呈线性相关,其线性回归方程的斜率可以表征土壤可蚀性(R2>0.398,P<0.01);AN、AP的流失速率受产流及产沙速率的共同影响;土壤可蚀性对AN、AP流失速率的影响同样显著,其相关关系可以用对数函数表征。Two contrasting soils （Burozems and Cinnamon） were selected from northern China and eight simulated rainfalls were applied on the flumes with different conditions （two rainfall in- tensities： 60 and 120 mm·h-1; two slopes： 10° and 20°）. The impacts of rainfall intensity and slope on available N （AN） and available P （AP） losses were studied. The result showed that the soil erodibility of Cinnamon was much higher than that of Burozems. The higher soil erodibility of the Cinnamon soil resulted in greater runoff, soil loss and AN and AP losses. The influence of runoff on sediment was positively linear （R^2〉0.398, P〈0.01）. The absolute slope of the regres- sion line between runoff rate and sediment yield rate was suitable as a soil erodibility indicator. The AN and AP losses were influenced by runoff rate and sediment yield rate （P〈0.01）. Soil erodibility significantly influenced the AN and AP loss rates （P〈0.01） and a positive logarithmic correlation best described their relationships.

关 键 词：养分流失 模拟降雨 土壤可蚀性 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]