纳米颗粒与细胞的交互作用  

Interaction between nanoparticles and the cell

作　　者：王九令 孙佳姝[2] 施兴华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所,非线性力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]国家纳米科学中心,北京100190

出　　处：《科学通报》2015年第21期1976-1986,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(11422215)和国家自然科学基金(11023001,11272327)资助

摘　　要：与大块材料相比,纳米尺度材料有着独特的光学、电学、力学和生物学性质,这使得纳米颗粒在药物输运和肿瘤成像等医学方面展现出巨大的应用前景.同时,愈来愈多的工业化纳米颗粒和纳米材料的制备,使得其生物安全性也受到很大的关注.由于纳米颗粒进入体内后的作用发生在细胞层面上,这要求我们很好地去理解纳米颗粒与细胞之间的相互作用.大量的实验表明,纳米颗粒吸附在细胞膜表面,并通过不同方式被细胞所摄取.纳米颗粒的尺寸、形状、表面化学性质、表面电荷分布、拓扑结构以及颗粒弹性性能等都对两者间的相互作用有着显著的影响.本文简要介绍颗粒进入细胞的路径,着重阐述影响颗粒/细胞交互作用的关键因素,并对后续的研究方向进行展望.Compared with bulk materials, nanomaterials have unique optical, electronic, mechanical, and biological properties that have enormous potential for use in drug delivery and cancer imaging. Since nanoparticles（NPs） interact with the human body at the cellular level, there is a need for us to understand the interaction between NPs and cells. Many experimental results show that NPs adsorb onto the cell membrane and are internalized by the cell through various pathways. Due to the complexity of cells, as well as their host environments, the size, shape, surface chemical properties, charge distribution, structural topology, and elasticity of NPs can each have a large influence on this interaction. For instance, some types of cells are better able to take up NPs with greater curvature to their shape, while others are better able to take up NPs with less curvature. Similarly, some cells internalize soft-structured NPs, while others respond best to rigid NPs. The mechanisms underlying these differences in interaction can be explained with theoretical models and simulations. Here, we briefly introduce the pathways for cellular uptake of nanoparticles, and then review the recent progress in identifying factors that affect this nanoparticle-cell interaction. We also discuss the potential for future research.

关 键 词：纳米颗粒 细胞膜 交互作用 药物输运 细胞毒性 细胞内吞 

分 类 号：R318.0[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TB383.1[医药卫生—基础医学]